The Effects Of Violent Video Games On Youth - 2014 Words

Introduction A violent video game is defined as a video game where the range of options available to a player includes killing, maiming, dismembering, or sexually assaulting an image of a human being (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2010). For many years there has been increasing concern by the general public, policy makers and social scientists as to whether or not violent video games have a negative influence on the behaviour of youth. With the popularity of the gaming culture growing dramatically amongst children and adolescences; the marketing of violent video games to youth has become increasingly successful, allowing such games to become more easily obtainable regardless of age (Anderson et al 2007). Consequently, the increase has raised the question of exactly what impact exposure to these highly graphic games has on the younger generation; resulting in a range of research and studies to continue to take place on the subject. It has become the norm in most modern societies to associate vio lent video games as a considerable cause to the violent and aggressive outbursts of youth (Ferguson 2010). Some even go as far as connecting some crimes committed by young people as a result of their exposure to violent video games. While others claim there is no link between violent video games and negative youth behaviour; some suggesting that violent video games have a positive impact on the behaviour of youth. The aim of this study is to gain a better understanding ofShow MoreRelatedViolent Video Games and the Effects on the Youth800 Words   |  4 PagesViolent Video Games and the Effects on the Youth Today our world is surrounded by technology and new inventions that make our lives better. Some of the most popular of hobbies among children and teenagers are video games, but what many people don’t know is that they are bad for them. Violent video games in particular have been proven to not be appropriate for the age groups that play them and to have a negative effect on school, social behavior, and increase aggression. Kids who play violent videoRead MoreThe Effects Of Violent Video Games On Youth Essay1973 Words   |  8 Pageswatching TV and video gaming. However, the people who control the media have started implementing materials that show violence into all sources of digital entertainment, unaware of its serious psychological effects on youth. Youngsters are presently effortlessly presented to violence as diversions and consequently now have weapons and explosives comfortable fingertips, and this has prompted to some horrible results. It is likewise said that youngsters who are presented to violent video games might be atRead MoreArticle Summary : Effect Of Violent Video Games On Youth Aggression1861 Words   |  8 PagesSummary: Effect of Violent Video Games on Youth Aggression Beth L. Lynch APUS October 8, 2014 Abstract For many years researchers, parents, and policy makers have been debating the effect of video game violence on levels of youth aggression. In effect, the arguments have been centered on whether or not exposure to violent media has the power to potentiate violence in children, and whether or not this social influence has the ability, barring all other factors, to engender violent behaviorRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Youth Of America1454 Words   |  6 Pagesrole on the youth of America. A majority of children and young adults have access to internet, television, radio, newspapers, and video games practically any time they want. The violence in media, along with the availability of media are increasing, however the most predominant form of media for children is video games. Because of this, many are concerned with the effects on the youth. The violence in video games is a cause for aggressive emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in the youth of America.Read MoreDo Violent Video Gam es Cause Violence in Childen1049 Words   |  5 PagesDo Violent Video Games Influence Youth Violence Noel Averruz EN1420 ITT-Technical Institute Ever Since Violent Video Games were invented People have been trying to prove that they influence Violence in Juveniles. Although many prospective studies have been done on video game violence and the affect they have on the youth, none have been able to completely validate the claim that violent video games do influence the youth to become violent in their everyday lives. Out of the many studies thatRead MoreVideo Game Violence And It s Affects On Youth1683 Words   |  7 PagesVideo Game Violence and It’s Affects on Youth Video games are becoming ever more popular every day among adolescents, youth and adults. Video game play can be fun, recreational and now with video game consoles such as the Wii, it can even be healthy. However, some video games are brutally and exceedingly violent, which should be fine because after all it’s just a video game. However, we need to understand and know if the effects of these violent video games are positive or negative amongst the youthRead MoreViolent Video Games Lead to Violence Essay1175 Words   |  5 Pagesbecoming more violent. Some worry that certain aspects of our technology, including the intenseness of violent video games, are affecting the violence among America’s youth, while others don’t see this as an issue at all. A study done in 2004, Factors Correlated with Violent Video Games Use by Adolescent Boys and Girls, reported that boys in grades seventh and eighth played violent video games to either release their anger or help them r elax. According to the suggestion that video games act as a stressRead MoreThe Effects of Violent Video Games on the Young1575 Words   |  6 PagesMuch like the bad reputation rock and roll music received in the 1950’s, violent video games have been questioned and looked down upon as a newer form of influential media. Violent video games have been blamed for bullying, school shootings, increasing rape, and increasing the amount of women being abused. Despite the popular belief that video games can be very harmful to a child’s mind and cause violent behavior, video games don’t cause as much psychological damage to children as people have beenRead MoreEssay on Effects Of Video Games On Youth877 Words   |  4 Pages Excessive video game playing has been a problem with today’s youth they have had more influences over the youth than ever before. That brings to my attention a question, how do video games affect the youth of our society? Excessive video game playing, especially violent video games, can lead to youth violence, a decrease in academic success and many other negative things. I realize that some parents believe that they can be good for children, I agree but I also disagree in some cases. Some parentsRead MoreThe Effects Of Video Games On Violent Behavior Among Young Children1525 Words   |  7 Pages The Effects of Video games on Violent Behavior among Young Children Julian A. Jaggon University of Central Florida The Effect of Video games on Violent Behavior among Young Children Just how popular are videogames? In today’s society very popular, not only do our kids and teenagers play video games but even grown men and women play them as well. Video games are now more popular than watching television or going to the movies. According to Center for

Essay about Poetry Comparison on The Flea and To His Coy...

Poetry Comparison on The Flea and To His Coy Mistress I would firstly like to begin on The Flea. This poem is about a man that is trying to persuade a woman to have sex with him, by symbolically using a flea. The content of the poem is very much the same throughout the whole of the poem. In the first stanza, the poet is basically talking about how the flea represents their coming together and in the last two stanzas the poet tries to then persuade the woman to have sex by using different tactics like guilt etc. To the end of the second stanza the woman whom is being seduced, kills the flea and is clearly stating that she will not go to bed with the poet. Following this he tries to tell her†¦show more content†¦In the second stanza, the poet tries to scare the woman, by saying that her beauty wont always last and that time is of the essence, using such phrases as, thy beauty shall no more be found. By the third stanza he is again persuading her by saying that they should hurry up and have sex before it is too late and that the life will not last forever and that she should not waste her beauty or virginity to her grave. The language throughout the whole of the poem is very extravagant and exaggerated. I also think that this poet has been very cunning and clever in the language he uses, the way he uses it and also the way he has set out his arguments. Lastly, I would like to write about Rapunzstiltskin. This poem is very much more modernised in terms of writing style and language, it is also set in modern day although it tries to represent the story as a parody of other poems. The poem, at first glance, appears very similar to To His Coy Mistress and The Flea in terms of its structure. It is a long poem, which is not broken up into stanzas and, unlike the other two poems, it tells a story. However, the similarities do not stop there because whilst the two pre-twentieth century poems are very traditional in terms of their language and structure. The poet deliberately makes her poem very untraditional. It has not got an evenShow MoreRelated Look again at the three seventeenth century poems, To His Coy Mistress,1589 Words   |  7 PagesLook again at the three seventeenth century poems, To His Coy Mistress, The Flea, and Shall I compare thee. In what ways have the three poets used, or departed from, the conventions of their time and why do you think they have been successful in ... Look again at the three seventeenth century poems, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress†, â€Å"The Flea†, and â€Å"Shall I compare thee†. In what ways have the three poets used, or departed from, the conventions of their time and why do you think they have been successfulRead MoreLove in To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Essay1850 Words   |  8 PagesLove in To His Coy Mistress and The Flea Both To His Coy Mistress, by Andrew Marvell (1621-1678) and The Flea, by John Donne (1572-1631) present different attitudes to love. Both are also structured very differently and occasionally use contrasting imagery. Each poem was written in the 17th century, just after the Renaissance. The poets were metaphysical poets. Although the metaphysic was originally a derogatory term, metaphysical poetry used intellectual and theologicalRead MoreMetaphysical Poems792 Words   |  4 Pagesanalogies to create fitting and insightful comparisons, usually to persuade. John Donne and Andrew Marvell have been called metaphysical poets. This is a,† name given to a group of English lyric poets of the 17th century† (Metaphysical poets)† The term metaphysical poets came to be used almost one hundred years after the death of the two poets. John Donne died John Donne in1631 and Andrew Marvell died in 1678. The term later became known as ‘metaphysical poetry,’ (which was referred to by contemporariesRead MoreEssay on Exploration of the Different Aspects of Love in Poetry2022 Words   |  9 PagesExploration of the Different Aspects of Love in Poetry In the Victorian and Elizabethan times there were many poems, which explored the aspect of love. The metaphysical group of poets explored the whole experience of man, which was usually romantic or sensual. The poems I will talk about are The Flea by John Donne (1572-1631), To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell (1621-78), The Sick Rose by William Blake (1757-1827), A Woman To Her Lover by Christina Walsh inRead MoreCharacteristics of Metaphysical Poetry876 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is a metaphysical poem? Metaphysical poetry is concerned with the whole experience of man, but the intelligence, learning and seriousness of the poets means that the poetry is about the profound areas of experience especially - about love, romantic and sensual; about man s relationship with God - the eternal perspective, and, to a less extent, about pleasure, learning and art. Metaphysical poems are lyric poems. They are brief but intense meditations, characterized by striking use of witRead More Love in To His Coy Mistress, Shall I Compare Thee, Let Me Not, and The Flea3166 Words   |  13 Pagesin To His Coy Mistress, Shall I Compare Thee, Let Me Not, and The Flea The four poems I am going to be comparing are, â€Å"To His Coy Mistress,† â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee,† â€Å"Let Me Not,† and â€Å"The Flea.† All four of these poems are based on the subject matter of love. The four poems have a lot in common but each poem touches a different aspect of love. Two of the poems, â€Å"Shall I Compare Thee†, and â€Å"Let Me Not†, are sonnets and both were written by Shakespeare. â€Å"To His Coy Mistress† is writtenRead MoreMetaphysical Poetry By John Donne1590 Words   |  7 PagesFeras Mohammed Awaga Grade 11 B Metaphysical Poetry According to English language, when metaphysical is divided into two words ‘meta’ is defined as after and physical remains as it is. Thus metaphysical means after the physical. The definition above was according to English language, however according to poetry is†¦. Many poets got involved in metaphysical poetry like: Samuel Johnson who wrote his book which is known as ‘’Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets’’, Henry Vaughan, Andrew Marvel, RichardRead Morethatcher4803 Words   |  20 Pagesï » ¿1. G. M. Hopkins, â€Å"The Windhover†, â€Å"I wake and feel the fell of dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  2. William Shakespeare, Sonnets 1-7 3. John Donne, â€Å"Valediction Forbidding Mourning†, â€Å"The Flea†, â€Å"Hymn to God, My God in my Sickness† 4. George Herbert, â€Å"The Collar†, â€Å"The Altar†, â€Å"Love III† 5. Andrew Marvell, â€Å"To his Coy Mistress† 6. T.S. Eliot, â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock†, â€Å"Journey of the Magi† 2. Poems for individual reading: 1. William Shakespeare Sonnet 73 (â€Å"That time of year†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) 2. John Donne, â€Å"HolyRead MoreIgbo Dictionary129408 Words   |  518 Pagesdictionary.... In 1904 Ganot published an English, Ibo and French dictionary, based on the Onitsha dialect, and in 1907 Zappa published a French-Igbo dictionary based on a Western Igbo dialect. Northcote W. Thomas devoted four of the six volumes of his Anthropological report on the Ibo-speaking peoples of Nigeria to language, three of them being essentially lexicographic. Part II (1913) consists of an English-Ibo and Ibo-English dictionary, based on the Awka and Onitï€ ¬sha dialects. It has a rather

florida Essay Example For Students

florida Essay Lodging inside the Walt Disney World complex, Celebration City (owned by Disney) and Lake Buena Vista (which is a small resort community right next to Disney World) The Disney World complex and Lake Buena Vista are located along Interstate 4 (I-4) about 25 miles west of Orlando International Airport and about 20 miles southwest of downtown Orlando, Florida. Lodging near the Convention Center and Sea World This is the larger of two convention centers in Orlando. Both the convention center and Sea World are located along International Drive. Sea World is about halfway between downtown Orlando and Disney World, and about 12 miles west of Orlando International Airport. The Walt Disney Dolphin is a deluxe hotel, located between Disney MGM Studios and Epcot area. Inspired by world famous surroundings, this resort is unlike anything youve ever seen. A 5-story dolphin statue rests atop the building, colorful patterns of waves and banana leaves splash the facade, magnificent palms sway along the lakeside walkways- its a view that only your imagination can top. At this Whimsical resort, guests will enjoy the magic inside, as you experience the entertainment architecture outside, where guests are surrounded by the magic of Walt Disney World. The hotel features 17 restaurants and lounges, for your ultimate dining pleasure. For the guests entertainment there are 4 lighted tennis courts, 4 swimming pools, watercraft rentals, jogging trails, two health clubs, massage services, volleyball, 3 acre grotto pool and beach, supervised childrens activities, saunas, whirlpools, 36 holes of miniature golf and aerobics. The multi-lingual staff is friendly and well trai ned, catering to your every need. The hotel is like a childs fantasy come to life, and only minutes to fine dining, shopping, and entertainment. Area AttractionsThe hotel is located just minutes to Walt Disney World, Disney-MGM Studios, EpcotCenter, Disney Magic Kingdom, House of Blues, Planet Hollywood, LEGOImagination Center, Cirque de Soleil, Virgin Megastore, Pleasure Island, World ofDisney Store and Rainforest Cafe. Area Activities Beach Golf Tennis-Volleyball

Ove Arup Essays - Knights Bachelor, Ove Arup, Structural Engineers

Ove Arup Sir Ove Nyquist Arup was a leading anglo-danish engineer, the founder of the internationally important firm Arup and generally considered to be one of the foremost engineers of his time. His career was defined and propelled by many of the major design, technological and economic developments of the 20th century: early experimentation with thin-shelled reinforced concrete structures and more recently the phenomenon of corporate globalisation of which the present day Arup engineering consultancy is a highly successful example. Ove?s career began when he completed his engineering studies in 1922, in which he specialised in reinforced concrete. He moved quickly up the ranks in his first job at Danish firm Christian and Nielsen, being appointed chief engineer towards the end of 1923. After a decade of solid work and increasing experience, he worked as a structural consultant to the Tecton partnership (working alongside another important senior engineer Berthold Lubetkin), in which he most notably worked on Highpoint one in Highgate. Highpoint one was an important experiment in high-rise residential design, and was one of Arup?s most significant collaborations with Lubetkin. Arup later criticised the project as having significant flaws. He moved next to a London construction company, J.L Kier and Co in London, as director and chief designer from 1934-1938 and also became a member of the executive committee of the MARS group in 1935. In 1938, with his cousin Arne Arup, he founded Arup and Arup Limited which was a firm of engineers and contractors. Arup?s reputation as a competent engineer was well and truly swelling at this point and he was appointed on the air raid precautions committee prior to World War Two. World War Two provided a world of opportunity for Arup to flex his engineering muscle. He published a number of papers on shelter policy and designs due to the constant bombings by the German Luftwaffe on England. They mainly advocated reinforced concrete mass shelters, rather than the government policy of dispersing the population in small domestic shelters. Largely for political reasons, most of his recommendations were never adopted, although some wealthy Londoners were able to build concrete shelters according to his design. He also played a small role in the all important allied D-day landings in which he designed the temporary harbours. In 1946, Ove dissolved Arup and Arup Ltd and created a team of civil and structural engineering consultants. A further company, Arup Associates, was formed in 1963 as a new partnership with a body of engineers and architects working on an equal basis as building designers which is the crux of the modern day company Arup. It is a multi-disciplinary company providing engineering, architectural, and other services for the built environment. The company?s first project was Durham?s Kingsgate Bridge in which Ove Arup personally supervised the design and construction. Being the firm?s first bridge, Arup was particularly attached to the project and had his ashes scattered from it following his death. However, Arup?s most famous structure would have to be the Sydney Opera House in which he was the design engineer from 1957 until its completion in 1973. An iconic building making groundbreaking use of precast concrete, structural glue and computer analysis made Arup?s reputation despite the extreme difficult working relation ship with the architect, Jorn utzon. In conclusion, the Sydney Opera House offered Ove the supreme opportunity for the integration of his artistic vision and technical innovation. It was an excellent example in showcasing how he engineered solutions intuitively and then proved them mathematically. ?Bibliography HTTP://EN.WIKIPEDIA.ORG/WIKI/OVE_ARUP ACCESSED 19TH OCTOBER HTTP://WWW.DHUB.ORG/ARTICLES/830 ACCESSED 19TH OCTOBER WWW.OVEARUPFOUNDATION.ORG/ABOUTUS/ABOUTOVEARUP.HTML ACCESSED 19TH OCTOBER

Much Ado About Nothing Essays - Motivation, Psychology, Free Essays

Much Ado About Nothing Essays - Motivation, Psychology, Free Essays Much Ado About Nothing The Power of Opinion Confidence is a key component in the development of success. In order to reach this stability one must be a recipient of encouragement and upholding. This support creates an individuality and esteem for success. For example, in my experiences with females I have come to a vague realization that they feed off of encouragement. It seems like the focus of most of the girls that I know, is to impress. I believe this because when they are complimented, to most it will make their day. This is how I have understood the magnitude that ones approval can make and how it is an essential element of happiness and success. In my life I have had the luxury of having a huge support group to always lift me up. This has bridged a barrier between the things that I can do and those I fail. This confidence is most evident in my basketball tenure because in my opinion basketball requires great confidence. An average basketball player needs to have a security in his skills, body, and team. During a playoff game my junior year, I was predominantly the sixth man or a back to the starter. In the final minutes of the game, we were trailing and my coach put me in the game. I really had no experience in situations like that but somehow I was able to defy my innate anxiety and channel the intensity on to the court. Moments later, I had two steals and sparked a team that was about to dwindle away. We almost won that game. On the bus ride home, I reflected upon the situation and saw how much strength that my coach had given me by simply putting me in. I now place an emphasis on encouraging and making individuals feel my approval. In the summer, I work at a number of basketball camps that are all over the metroplex. During these camps, they usually put me in charge of the first graders. First graders are at the beginning of everything and they really do not comprehend what is going on. However, my job is to encourage and befriend them. This may be the most important job at the camp. In my opinion, this is the best job in the world because I love working with kids who just want to have a good time. For example, we will be playing a game and I will encourage a kid and explain that he was doing great. He will have a priceless sparkle in his eyes. It makes me feel important to know that I can influence and allow these kids to have a great time. Self-esteem is tremendously significant in maintaining happiness and success. This trust focuses on how one receives adoration from another individual. This assurance from the outside creates a domino effect and promotes the levitation of their esteem. In life, there are a number of things that make us fall. However, outside support and trust are two important factors for getting back on our feet. In addition, the importance of giving support is twice as important as receiving. It is a cycle that allows individuals to rise to success.

Rite of Passage

Rite of Passage Reflective Essay "Do things because you can, not because you should." (P.155) In the book Rite of Passage by Alexei Panshin there is a philosophy, in the fake universe, that says that people should do things because they can, not because they should. I think it is basically saying that if we know we can get away with things, go for it. However this philosophy wouldn't work in a society because everyone would be doing things they're not supposed to be doing and eventually it would backfire.This philosophy relates to our lives in many ways. When people know they can cheat and hide it, they sometimes take advantage of it. This doesn't mean that it's the right thing to do. When I go to the store and they accidentally sell me something for cheaper than what's its supposed to be, I usually don't say anything. Even though I know its wrong, I still do it.cheatingJust because we know we can do something and escape it doesn't always mean it's the right thing to do.In society people cheat all t he time, and sometimes they don't even know they are cheating. Taxes would be a great example of this philosophy because many people cheat on their taxes. They do it because they know that there are millions of people who do their taxes every year and it would be almost impossible for the government to find everyone who cheated on their taxes. The Bill Clinton scandal is also a great example of this philosophy because he thought he could conceal what he did, but in the end it went all wrong. Bill Clinton did what he did because he thought he could hide it, but it turned out to be wrong. Cheating is wrong no matter how hard someone...

Questions Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions - Term Paper Example Hence, Hume argues that denial of God’s existence is not a contradiction. Anselm had argued that existence of God is a pre-requisite of his consideration as God. The same argument was used by Gaunilo who replaced God by island and said that existence of an island is a pre-requisite of its consideration as an island, so all islands ever imagined did exist. Gaunilo had realized Anselm’s argument’s fallacy. Gaunilo introduced the perception of an island that was larger than all other islands in the world, but was lost. It is possible to have the perception of the true existence of such an island because it can be thought. Ideally for a television, such an island would have moved in time or into the space. However, Gaunilo’s counter-argument did not work because Anselm had been careful enough not to specify the perfect thought. While both Russell and Copleston agree that the religious experience is private, Russell calls it private because he thinks that people only agree to something or in the existence of God because the same perception is held by many. This implies that although many people believe in the existence of God, yet the religious experience in the true sense is an individualistic experience rather than collective. Copleston calls the religious experience private by referring typically to the mystical experience. According to Copleston, when an individual falls in love, there is someone who is loved rather than no one. Russell essentially means that many people who say that they believe in the existence of God do so because others say so whereas Copleston emphasizes upon the existence of actual belief in God. The identity theories are more intuitive as compared to the behaviorist theories of the mind. The behaviorist theories tend to emphasize upon a difference between mind or soul and body, allocating the health of former to another world and that of

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Marketing - Essay Example These impacts have proven to be found on the cost and availability of credit; household budgets, mortgages, pensions, big and small company financing and other related funding issues (QFinance, 2010). Thus, the current trend is to substantially create a good financial market for banking and financial services that aim at stimulating market needs. However, it is not only one organisation that tries to play or compete in this type of market. There are many of them which eventually create competitive rivalry. According to Porter (1998; 1984), there are new market entrants, supplier power, buyer power and product and technology development that together create a certain force for competitive rivalry. This same scenario is certainly part of the banking and financial market. In fact, this is visible because of the presence of some policies. For instance, economic policy measures are very important because they can essentially remove barriers to outside competition (Maudos and de Guevara, 2 007). Building societies versus banks There are major differences between banks and building societies even though they both belong to one category of banking and financial market. These differences are tantamount to the level of advantages and disadvantages an individual can possibly get. According to Building Societies Association (2011), there are three major differences between banks and building societies. One of these major differences is the emphasis that the building societies are mutual institutions. This gives certain rights and privileges to members who have savings account or mortgage to vote and acquire information. The second major difference is the fact that building societies are not companies which are successfully run by their shareholders. The good thing about this is that there are no external pressures from shareholders which normally on the point of maximising profits to pay away as dividends. Thus, this ensures operating the business at a lower cost, cheaper m ortgages, and other better opportunities such as rates on savings compared to other competitors. Considering that there are different types of shareholders, it is important to understand that companies are always subject to different motives of shareholders in order for them to get substantial benefits to satisfy their needs. The third difference is in line with the limit of proportion of funds raise by building societies from wholesale money markets. This is a sort of giving much more security and in return it gives substantial opportunity for investors. Current Harpenden Building Society trends Based on its company website, the following are important information about Harpenden Building Society that can help trace its current trends (Harpenden Building Society, 2010). It can be noted that Harpenden is one of the active 52 UK building societies which primarily consists of 20,000 members with 25,000 accounts. Harpenden is amazingly having no borrowings on the money market. Starting in 2008, Harpenden’s deposits increased by over 11% and its mortgages increased by more than 9%. Not only that, Harpenden was highly commended for its mortgaged for SVR. From Best Children’s Account Provider, Harpenden won the Moneyfacts award. All of these only substantially illustrate the fact that the business for Harpenden is significantly increasing to the fullest as it substantially targets the right segment, moves and

Implementing Computer Technology in Secondary Schools Essay Example for Free

Implementing Computer Technology in Secondary Schools Essay In 1999, The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) conducted a study on pedagogical practices of teachers and students of elementary and secondary schools in 30 nations, and the role of technology the said practices (â€Å"The Second Information Technology in Education Study: Module 2†, n. d. ). It was found out that as of 1999, 12% of elementary students and 3% of those in intermediate and secondary schools do not have Internet access in their schools (â€Å"Computer Technology in Schools†, 1999). Such number would considerably be large still, if the period when the benefits of the application of computer technology in education was implied, is taken into account. Computer technology for the use of students in schools started out as computer laboratories (Lynch, 2000), which until now, is continuously evolving to becoming a tool for learning. That the integration of computer technology in schools is still on process, suggests that although its advantages have been persistently advocated, there are also powerful sociocultural and developmental forces that oppose its progression. According to Meredyth, et. al. , (1999), the status quo in the mode of instruction slows the efforts to integrate computer technology in secondary schools. At first, the people who were against the implementation of computer technology in schools argue that this would result in the replacement human instructors and making them obsolete (Richmond, n. d). As it becomes clear that the this would not necessarily become so, that is, there would only be an evolution of role from plain instructor to facilitator, the problem with the implementation now centers on the lack of physical resources (Richmond, n. d. ) and the instructors’ lack of training (Lynch, 2000). This implies that the role of computer technology in the education of secondary students per se is not, today, the major consideration in its application and the need for a clear definition of its role is necessary to speed up decisions on whether there is really a necessity for the addition or retention of the number of computer hardware in schools, or should there be in need of compulsory technical training for instructors. According to Richmond (n. d.), there are two major problems in the implementation of computer technology in education: (1) the goals and purposes of implementation are unclear; (2) the implementors do not fully understand the changes necessary for the implementation of technology in education. These problems must be addressed first if success is wanted. Although both are important aspects of the implementation, this paper will focus in defining the goal, purposes or role of computer technology in student achievement at the secondary school level. To understand this critical role, it is very important to know first the basics about some theories of learning and its current application to education technology. The theory of Cognitive Constructivism states that learning happens through the learners’ active efforts to assimilation new information imposed either by the instructor or by self-discovey (â€Å"Theories of Learning†, 2006). This means that learners must be able to relate what they learn to their experiences or experience the learning itself to be able to fully understand it. One example of this is driving. In order to learn to drive a vehicle, one must not only know that vehicles are powered by gasoline, controlled using a steering wheel, has a gas pedal to move forward or backward and a break pedal to make it stop. He or she has to experience driving to know and fully understand the significance of each theory he or she is made to know. And this experience is very important if he or she is to make life-or-death decisions once he or she takes the road. Computer technology, when related to learning may be applied in a similar way, by providing a means to simulate reality to give the students a feel of what may or may not happen as a result of their decisions. Such is the function of simulations: to instill in learners goals which are similar to reality and resultant feelings that are similar to what may happen in real life because of the as a result of the decisions imposed by the program. A lot of simulation programs have now been developed for different purposes. Sim City provides the learner-gamer an experience of building a city and a feel of becoming a Mayor. The learner-gamer is subconsciously taught of the importance of planning and how each decision might give a positive effect (here, in the form of increase in the city’s revenue) or negative (in the form of rallies and decrease in the city’s revenue). Business simulations provide learners with vicarious experience of actually owning and handling investments without the need of using or losing real money. Design programs provide the learner-designer with an idea or view of the possible perspectives or outcome of each design in mind and an opportunity to manipulate or change it according to his or her desires even before actual realization of the design. There are also simulations in many different subjects like biology physics and chemistry, which can provide the learner with the opportunity to visualize the theories and manipulate situations and then see the results as would happen if the theories are applied. Simulations have been used for decades by the aviation and military industry and just until recently, the costs of simulations have prevented smaller institutions to avail its benefits (Boehle, n. d. ). Although, still not cheap, mass production, added to the said drastic improvement in learning retention rates (Boehle, n. d. ), simulations provide a very efficient tool for learning. There is a 75-80% boost in learning retention rate for students in simulations (Boehle, n. d. ) Social Constructivism believes that knowledge is socially constructed, that is, retention of information is achieved through group efforts (â€Å"Theories of Learning†, 2006). † This is learning with others and through others’ input and ideas conjoined with one’s own. This theory emphasizes the importance of other’s opinion usually for the purpose of the improvement of the said work. Applied to computer technology in its role in secondary education, this allows for interaction among many different people, not limited to those in classroom but also stretches to people in different time zones. This allows for assimilation of new and varied ideas from different people from different places who usually have different ideas about different issues, strengthening ones reasoning and improving one’s knowledge about many different areas and at the same time improving one’s social skill. The most usual form of technology which applies the Social Constructivism theory is forums. A lot of forums can be found in the internet, all areas of knowledge with its own: arts, sciences, mathematics, and philosophy. The Theory of Behaviorism believes that knowledge is a â€Å"repertoire of behavioral responses to environmental stimuli (â€Å"Theories of Learning†, 2006). † According to this theory, learning happens through repetition and reinforcement, usually with the instructor speaking and the learner, listening. This learning theory is opposite of Cognitive Constructivism in that learners gain knowledge passively. This is the most common type of instructional mode used in schools. Still, this instructional mode can also be applied to computer technology. Tutorials in cd’s are now widely available in the market. These products simulate what and how teachers teach in an actual class, explaining concepts with voice recordings combined with moving pictures for visualization. It also comes with practice exercises much like what teachers would give to their students to evaluate the student’s learning. The only difference is that, these products can be used by the student alone, even at home.

Womens Repression in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Essay

Kate Chopin's The Story of an Hour is a great story that conveys an important message about life and how difficult it can be for women, particularly in previous centuries. Back in the late 1800s and early 1900s, when this story was written, women were quite often mistreated and had to live restricted lives that lacked opportunity. Generally, women weren?t liberated during the 19th century. Traditionally, women did all the hard work in the house and had no opportunities to make their own living or pursue their own personal dreams. Kate Chopin does an outstanding job of portraying a woman living in these times. The Story of an Hour is a good depiction of the unspoken repression that women faced in the past. Kate Chopin's major theme of the repression of women is expressed by use of internal conflict, foreshadowing, symbolism, and dramatic irony. Internal conflict is a key constituent of ?The Story of an Hour? because it is the basic premise of the theme. The internal conflict that Mrs. Louise Mallard faces throughout the story helps the reader gain a gradual understanding of the true... Women's Repression in The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin Essay Kate Chopin's The Story of an Hour is a great story that conveys an important message about life and how difficult it can be for women, particularly in previous centuries. Back in the late 1800s and early 1900s, when this story was written, women were quite often mistreated and had to live restricted lives that lacked opportunity. Generally, women weren?t liberated during the 19th century. Traditionally, women did all the hard work in the house and had no opportunities to make their own living or pursue their own personal dreams. Kate Chopin does an outstanding job of portraying a woman living in these times. The Story of an Hour is a good depiction of the unspoken repression that women faced in the past. Kate Chopin's major theme of the repression of women is expressed by use of internal conflict, foreshadowing, symbolism, and dramatic irony. Internal conflict is a key constituent of ?The Story of an Hour? because it is the basic premise of the theme. The internal conflict that Mrs. Louise Mallard faces throughout the story helps the reader gain a gradual understanding of the true...

Why Volunteer

Why Volunteer? Have you ever thought about volunteering? If you're not booked for the weekend, try volunteering at your favorite charity. You might like it! People who volunteer tend to be more successful in life. With this in mind, you may want to consider volunteering your time at a charitable organization. You would be completing tasks that are not assigned to people specifically, learning important life skills, and at the same time, increasing your health. Yes, you heard it right. Volunteering does help your health. As you probably know, not all tasks in the world are assigned to people.Take trash pickup for example. If nobody picked up the trash on the side of the road, it would stay there forever and definitely cause pollution. Have you ever noticed the â€Å"Adopt a highway/' signs by the road? Well, those organizations who adopt the Highways are all run by volunteers. Doesn't it feel good to do something without getting paid? You may find volunteering can be contagious. Thin k about it; if I were to walk on the beach and pick up trash, by standers may see me and begin to pick up trash as well. Before you know it, the beach is pretty clean. So, look around.See what is needed in your community, and consider volunteering to do it. A quote by Anne Frank states, â€Å"You make a living by what you get. You make a life by what you give. † What does this mean to you? Most of the time, volunteer work will help you learn important life skills. During middle school, you certainly will get a ton of projects. Do you have a habit of putting them off until the last minute? If so, you need to learn time management. Volunteering can teach you that. However, be careful not to et your volunteer hours interfere with your other responsibilities such as homework or sports.Also, volunteering can teach you communication skills. You would become more comfortable talking to different kinds of people. You may even discover hidden talents. According to the University of Ar kansas, important life skills are learned by volunteering. That is a fact! Yes, I know volunteering takes up a lot of time, but you are helping your health. According to Make a Difference Day Survey, CM, nearly half of all volunteers (47%) say volunteering has improved their physical health and tiniest. Many volunteers state they have been affected when they volunteer.They said it helps your mental health. Studies have shown 18-24 year olds have drunken less alcohol since volunteering. Volunteering also helps reduce stress. Depression is a sign of loneliness, but when you volunteer, it combats that and you may even meet a friend there. Some health benefits due to volunteering are fewer risks of heart attacks and lower stress levels. Don't you want to help your health? A quote by Ghanaian says, â€Å"The best way to find yourself, is to lose yourself in he service of others. Volunteering not only gives you a good feeling about yourself, it helps you learn more about your community. Helping your health, doing tasks that are not assigned, and learning important life skills are all things you can achieve while volunteering. If you don't like to get dirty cooking or cleaning, try volunteering at a bake sale. Without a doubt, you will get to see the joy in children's faces when they get a messy, chocolate cupcake. Be sure to hand them a napkin! That is why you need to step up and volunteer today.

Hazara people Essay

1. Where did they move to after Pakistan? They moved to America after Pakistan. 2. What job did Baba get? Baba got a job at a gas station. 3. Why didn’t he want food stamps? Baba refused food stamps because this was an insult to his pride. He is mentioned to have a strict code of honour and pride and accepting outside help to take care of his own problem. 4. What did Baba give Amir for his birthday? Why? Baba gave Amir a coveted Stingray bicycle and a fancy wristwatch, but Amir felt like those gifts were â€Å"blood money. † 5. What did Amir decide to study in college? Amir decided to study English and major in it. Baba considers it petty and not an actual job. Amir wants to become a writer and a published author but he knows that he will have to wait until he is noticed to gain money from his writing, so therefore explains to Baba that he will work at a low budget place for a while. Baba gets angry and throws the idea back into Amir’s face, but Amir finally stands tall and wants to do it anyway, despite Baba’s wishes because it is what he wants to do with the rest of his life. No matter what Baba has to say. 6. How did Baba feel about Amir’s decision? Why? Baba believes that writing is not a â€Å"real† job, as success is not ensured, and the fact that you write 1 book and can live off it, while others have to work hard their entire lives and can barely live off it. He is the kind of person who would be proud if Amir was doing a â€Å"manly† job, and he believes writing isn’t one – it is too creative etc†¦ Quite hard to explain, but many people believe creative jobs like writing, singing and acting aren’t real jobs. So basically, Baba wanted Amir to be manlier, but Amir decided not to because he had given up Hassan for Baba already and that decision had damned him. 7. How did the author say he â€Å"embraced America†? (pg. 136) 8. What did Baba and Amir do to supplement their income? 9. Reflect on Baba’s comment at the end of Chapter 11. 10. What dating customs and traditions does American culture have? Southern culture? The digital age of dating has ushered in dating websites, matchmaking tools, and personality assessments to help couples find each other in an era that often lends itself to feelings of disconnect and isolation. 11. Discuss gender (pg. 149) 12. What type of cancer does Baba have? 13. Discuss parental relations (pg.156). Compare and contrast relations today in America versus Afghanistan culture. 14. Why did Amir envy Soraya? Amir envied Soraya because he wishes that his secret could be spoken for and dealt with. CHAPTER 13 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. Why wasn’t Soraya present at the beginning of the engagement party? Soraya wasn’t present at the beginning of the engagement because in Traditional Afghan ways the family and son go to the daughter’s house for a party where she is not present until the end after all the greetings are held. 2. Discuss wedding traditions. Traditionally, the bride’s family pays for American/Christian weddings. Who paid for Amir’s wedding? Amir’s father (Baba) paid for his wedding, he spent his entire life, working so he could save up money for his son’s wedding. 3. When did Baba die? About a month after Amir’s wedding, Baba died in his sleep. 4. What did Baba do the night before he died? The following night, Amir and Baba go to the Theirs’ home for the traditional ceremony of â€Å"giving word. † General there is happy and says they are doing it the right way now. Because Baba is so sick, they plan to have the wedding quickly. Baba rents an Afghan banquet hall for the ceremony, buys the ring, Amir’s tuxedo, and other necessities, until he has spent almost all of his $35,000 in savings. Of the wedding Amir remembers sitting on a sofa with Soraya. They are covered with a veil and look at each other’s reflections in a mirror. It is the first time he tells her he loves her, and they are together for the first time that night. Shortly after, Baba dies. 5. Why didn’t the General work? 6. Why didn’t the General want Jamila to sing in public? 7. What year was Amir’s first book Published? 8. Why do people whisper behind Soraya’s back? 9. Why didn’t the doctor say they couldn’t have children? What did Amir attribute it to? 10. Why did the General urge Amir and Soraya not to adopt? 11. Where did Amir buy a house? CHAPTER 14-16 1. Who called Amir and asked him to come to Pakistan? Rahim Khan called Amir and asked him to come to Pakistan. 2. How long have Amir and Soraya been married at this point? They have been married for 15 years at this point. 3. How long did Amir plan to be gone for? 4. Where did Rahim Khan live? Rahim Khan lived in Kabul. 5. Who lived in Baba’s house after he and Amir fled Kabul? Rahim Khan lived in Bab’s house after him and Amir fled from Kabul. 6. Why were the Afghans glad to have the Taliban in the beginning? The Afghans were glad to have the Taliban in the beginning because the Taliban got their start as men started bringing in cash to the Afghans fighting the Russians. 7. Why did Rahim Khan want Hassan to come live with him? In the book The Kite Runner Rahim Kahn had been best friends with Baba and Amir. After Baba had escaped to America he had asked Rahim to keep care of his place. Rahim is also aware that Hassan is Baba’s son. When Hassan was a child Rahim Kahn had watched him grow up and knew that he deserved to have more. However, he was also aware that the boy could not get his fair due because he was born illegitimately from a Hazara woman. Rahim Khan was the one Hassan had told about his rape as a child. Rahim is left alone and older and I believe that he wants to give something to Hassan. He wants him to come and stay in the big house, but Hassan will not do it. He is very honorable and will only stay in the house in which he was born on the property. Through bringing Hassan back Rahim Khan gains a family as well. 8. What was Hassan’s house like? When Rahim Khan had to go out somewhere, he left Hassan in responsibility of Baba’s house. 9. What was his wife’s name? His wife’s name is Farzana. 10. What had happened to Ali? Ali had congenital paralysis of his lower face muscles, a condition that rendered him unable to smile. 11. Why do you think Hassan changed his mind and moved with his family to live in Baba’s house with Rahim Khan? 12. Why wouldn’t Hassan move into the main house? Hassan couldn’t move into the main house because Hassan was the protagonist’s son by the wife of his servant – the servant did not know Hassan was not his son, and raised him as his own. Only the protagonist’s father (and his friend) knew that Hassan wasn’t really the servant’s son. 13. Who was the old woman who showed up on their doorstep? The old woman that showed up on their doorstep was Hassan’s mother. 14. Why do you think Hassan forgave Sanaubar? What does that tell you about Hassan’s character? Would you have forgiven your mother? I think Hassan forgave Sanaubar, cause after all, no matter how many times he’ll be mad at her for ditching him when he was small, she will always be his mom at the end of the day. This tells me about Hassan’s character is that Hassan is a type of person who forgets a person’s past no matter how bad it was, but he’ll give them a second chance. To be honest, yes I would’ve forgiven my mother because honestly I’ll be mad at her but she’s my mother after all. 15. What was Hassan’s son’s name? Hassan’s son’s name was Sohrab. 16. What year did the Taliban take over Kabul? What year did they massacre the Hazaras? CHAPTER 17-18 1. What happened to Hassan? Farzana? The Taliban’s ended up killing Hassan and Farzana. 2. What did the Taliban say about it? The Taliban’s said they will use any excuse for any kind of violence they do. 3. Where is Sohrab? After Sohrab’s parents die, Rahim Khan takes Sohrab with him to Pakistan, so Rahim can get cured. 4. What did Rahim Khan want Amir to do? Rahim Khan wanted Amir to understand that Rahim Khan had called him to Peshawar to pay not only for his betrayal of Hassan, but for Baba’s betrayal of Ali. Amir wondered if he was to blame for Hassan and Ali’s deaths because he was the one who drove them out of the house and split up the family. Finally, at thirty-eight years old, Amir was ready to take responsibility for his actions. He returned to Rahim Khan’s apartment to find him praying and told him he would bring Sohrab to Peshawar. 5. What did Amir find out about Hassan, Ali, and Baba? Amir finds out that Hassan is his biological brother, and that Baba is also Hassan’s biological father, and not Ali. 6. Why was he so upset? Amir was so upset because he betrayed Hassan a lot during his childhood, only to find out now that Hassan is his biological brother, so he feels upset and guilty about it. 7. Why is Amir more like Baba than he thought he was (pg. 226) Amir is more like Baba than he thought he was because Baba betrayed his and Ali’s friendship by spending time with his wife, whereas Amir betrayed his and Hassan’s friendship by letting him get raped by Assef. Amir and Baba both betrayed their friends. 8. Why did Amir decide to go to Kabul? Amir decided to go to Kabul because he wanted to bring Sohrab to safety, and send him to an organization where they can take really good care of him. CHAPTER 19 STUDY GUIDE QUESTIONS 1. What do we know about Farid, Amir’s cab driver? 2. Why is Farid suspicious about Amir? Farid is suspicious about Amir because he feels that Amir only came to Kabul so he could sell the land, sell his house, collect the money, and go back to America like a mouse, and then go to vacation somewhere. 3. What misunderstanding is there concerning Amir’s watch? The misunderstanding there is concerning Amir’s watch is that the Wahid family thinks that he came all the way here to sell of his house and land, but to clear things up, he gives the Wahid’s family’s son’s the watch as a gift. 4. What does Amir do before leaving Wahid’s house that echoes something he had done when he was much younger? How is this different? Amir had a dream about Hassan dying, and he was the one who ended up killing Hassan. Also before leaving Wahid’s house he left some money under their mattress. This is different, because when he was younger he left a wristwatch and some money under Hassan’s and Ali’s bed so they could get kicked out of the house. Whereas in this situation it is different because he doesn’t want them to get into trouble, he just wants to thank them for supporting him so he decides to leave the money under the mattress.

Company Law The WritePass Journal

Company Law Abstract Company Law Abstract1.0. Introduction2.0. Civil Liability3.0. Criminal Liability4.0.Conclusion5.0. Bibliography5.1. Legislations5.2. Court casesRelated Abstract Companies and corporations exist as single entities with the capacity to sue and be sued. The premise of lawful ways under which a company may be sued for acts or omissions ensuing to injuries or demise of individuals lies in the personality of the company as a single entity. The law recognizes companies as solitary entities that have a detached personality from the individuals that comprise the company. This means that a company can transact as a solitary entity with the capacity to make claims against another company. Concomitantly, it is possible that the company becomes the subject of a legal suit falling under civil or criminal liability as deemed applicable. The determinants that establish whether to affix legal responsibility to the company for acts or omissions vary based on the legal jurisdiction pertinent to the circumstances. For instance, corporate law makes provisions for regulating the relationship of a company with that of its employees and other staff within the compa ny. This law does not apply to third parties that operate or affect the company externally. On the other hand, criminal and civil laws have jurisdiction over the affiliations of the company with external parties. 1.0. Introduction The process of holding a company legally responsible for acts or omissions resulting in injuries or death of individuals is a multifaceted tool. Since companies exist as solitary entities under law, responsibility falls on the company depending on the situation applicable. For situations that fall within the company, corporate laws have provisions for holding the company liable. In cases where external parties exist, then the jurisdiction shifts to civil and criminal laws. However, it is imperative to acknowledge that civil laws that cover aspects of tort, contracts and compensation apply to companies, as well as individuals’.[1] The provenance encompassing legal responsibility for corporations is rather challenging, as the legal provisions under this jurisdiction of law do not obligate contemplation of a liability. This is usually the case in negligence, which falls under tort laws because the evaluation of liability is objective on supporting legal responsibility of a compan y. On the contrary, criminal law entirely depends on appraisal of moral liability in support legal responsibility on the side of the company. Holding a company criminally liable is not easy because legal responsibility is not via reimbursement, but through penalties that look into intent, negligence and premeditation. This research shall discuss grounds on which a company can be sued for acts or omissions resulting in death or injuries based on provisions of laws such as the Corporate Manslaughter Act 2007, and Health and Safety at Work Act of 1974. Three principles provide for reasons to hold a company liable. One is the agency principle where the company must own up responsibility for acts or omissions of its employees or staff working as agents to the company, hence be sued for damages. The blame acknowledgment principle establishes that the company’s top executives assume responsibility for acts or omissions perpetrated by the company, implying that such executives whose decisions lead to acts or omissions that result in death or injuries can make the company be held liable. However, acts or omissions by junior staff in the company do not fall under this jurisdiction.[2] The third principle is the company culpability based on its way of transacting business, its systems, as well as culture. While the agency and the blame acknowledgement principles attach individuals to company liability, the company culpability based on its procedure and culture isolates individuals from the company. This implies that companies cannot be held liable for acts or omissions perpetrated by individuals, but rather the culture and procedure of the company. All these principles provide grounds for criminal and civil charge against companies. 2.0. Civil Liability Tort law attaches a civil liability to companies as long as it can be proven that the company perpetrated the act or omissions that resulted in serious injuries or death. A claimant could also file a criminal suit against the company based on the provisions of deliberate acts, negligence or omissions. Under civil laws, parties involved exist as private individuals, and the courts have the ultimate prerogative to determine whether the parties’ perpetrated injury or death based on evidence provided. The rights and obligation existing between the parties, in this case between the company and the plaintiff form the basis for a legal suit. Similarly, remedies for civil suits are damages that could be financial on non-financial, and the burden of proof depends on tangible evidence indicating that the act or omission was committed. Tort law attributes the legal responsibility of a company to acts or omissions that fall under civil wrong. Acts or omissions committed by the employee di rectly fall under the responsibility of the employer as discussed under the agency principle.[3] This means that vicarious liability shifts to the employer while personal liability rests on the shoulders of the employee. Under civil law, the claimant must provide proof that the defendant (the company) perpetrated the act or omission deliberately or negligently. The claimant must also provide proof that they suffered injuries or damage. For the claimant to attach a liability to the company the injury must be adjoining to the act or omission and the series of events must be continuous. In Rylands vs. Fletcher (1868), the contractor ignored vertical shafts in the course of construction of a dam.[4] As they later filled the dam with water, the shafts gave way to water that flooded a nearby mine. The court ruled that the corporation was legally responsible for damages caused due to negligence even if it was not intentional. As such, filing a civil suit against a company works best for claims on damages because they attribute direct liability to the company. 3.0. Criminal Liability Health and Safety at Work Act, the Corporate Manslaughter and the Corporate Homicide Act of 2007 provide avenues of filing a criminal suit against a company. These Acts have the same scope of jurisdiction for attributing a company to criminal liability and can be used simultaneously used. Section 37(1) of Health and Safety at Work Act has provisions that cover personal injuries at the work place.[5] The Act lays down measures requiring companies to incorporate policies and measures to avert personal damages or injuries at the work place. This Act does not make provisions for holding companies liable for deaths or personal injuries, but rather criminalizing acts or omissions that result in injuries and deaths. Section 37(2) of the Act prohibits companies from engaging in negligent and deliberate activities that may lead to personal injuries and deaths of its employees. This section attaches liability to the company’s management in cases where their decisions are connected to ac ts or omissions that result in death. However, the Corporate Manslaughter Act has stringent legislation on cases where a company’s activities lead to death due to gross negligence. As such, the Corporate Manslaughter Act provides exclusive provisions for attaching a criminal liability to companies for their acts or omission that result in death due to outright negligence. If the evidence presented before the court proves that negligence on the part of the company resulted in death, then the company can be held criminally liable for the act or omission that led to death. Section 1(1) of this Act reveals that the company is liable when the act or omission amounting to a criminal offence resulted in death.[6] However, there must be evidence of gross misconduct and violation of duty of care on the part of the company. In case of a successful claim in court by parties representing the deceased, which leads to the indictment of the company, Section 1(6) of the Act establishes a limitless fine as the punishment toward th e company. The duty of care for employees is the sole responsibility of the company. In situations where there is negligence of duty of care resulting in death, the plaintiff representing the deceased party can invoke sections of the Corporate Manslaughter Act to claim justice. Various cases have elucidated what duty of care means. Caparo Industries Plc vs. Dickman (1990) identified three elements that clarify what duty of care far as attaching a criminal liability to a company is concerned.[7] The elements include imposing reasonable duty of care on the plaintiff, foreseeing injury and establishing a close link between the plaintiff and the defendant. Determination of criminal intent (mens rea) also forms as a basis for holding a company criminally liable. The claimant must establish criminal intent as it was the case in Salomon vs. Salomon (1897) where the court had to identify the companys officers responsible for the acts or omissions that resulted in death.[8] However, it was quite a chall enge, which explains the reason why it is difficult to file a criminal suit against a company under the Corporate Manslaughter Act. 4.0.Conclusion Civil and criminal laws present suitable avenues for suing companies for acts or omissions that lead to injuries or death. Strict or vicarious liabilities apply in civil suits and could be direct in through the actions of the company’s agents or direct through the actions of the company regardless of culpability. Under criminal liability, Health and Safety at Work Act provides avenues for suing a company for negligence or failure to prevent personal injuries. The Corporate Manslaughter Act and the Corporate Homicide Act provide avenues for suing a company in situations where acts or omissions result in demise of an individual. 5.0. Bibliography Glazebook, P. R., A Better Way of Convicting Business of Avoidable Deaths and Injuries. The   Ã‚  Ã‚   Cambridge Law Journal, 16(2), (2002) pp 405-422. Barrett, B., Liability for safety offences: Is the law still fatally flawed? Industrial Law Journal,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   37(1), (2007) pp 100-118. 5.1. Legislations Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007 Health and Safety at Work Act 1974 5.2. Court cases Salomon v. Salomon Co Ltd, AC., Law Review, 2, (1897), pp 22 Rylands v. Fletcher, Law ReviewL. 3, (1868), pp 330 Caparo Industries plc v. Dickman, Law Review AC, 2, (1990), pp 605

Using dbExpress in Delphi Database Applications

Using dbExpress in Delphi Database Applications One of the strengths of Delphi is the support for many databases using several data access technologies: the BDE, dbExpress, InterBase Express, ADO, Borland Data Providers for .NET, to name a few. What is dbExpress? One of the data connectivity options in Delphi is dbExpress. In short, dbExpress is a light-weight, extensible, cross-platform, high-performance mechanism for accessing data from SQL servers. dbExpress provides connectivity to databases for the Windows, .NET and Linux (using Kylix) platforms.Initially designed to replace the BDE, dbExpress (introduced in Delphi 6), allows you to access different servers - mySQL, Interbase, Oracle, MS SQL Server, Informix.dbExpress is extensible, in that it is possible for third-party developers to write their own dbExpress drivers for various databases. One of the most significant features of dbExpress lies in the fact that it accesses databases using unidirectional datasets. Unidirectional datasets do not buffer data in memory   such a dataset cannot be displayed in a DBGrid. To build a user interface using dbExpress you will need to use two more components: TDataSetProvider and TClientDataSet. How to Use dbExpress Heres a collection of tutorials and articles on building database applications using dbExpress: dbExpress Draft SpecificationAn early dbExpress specifications draft. Worth a read. Introduction to ClientDataSets and dbExpressA TClientDataset is a part of any dbExpress applications. This paper introduces dbExpress and the power of ClientDataSets to people who have been using the BDE and are afraid to migrate. Additional dbExpress Driver OptionsA list of third-party drivers available for dbExpress Migrating BDE Applications to dbExpressThis PDF goes into extensive detail on issues you may face when migrating applications from BDE components to dbExpress components. It also provides information on performing the migration. Create a Reusable Component to Connect Delphi 7 to DB2 with dbExpressThis article shows you how to use IBM DB2 as the database for applications written with Borland Delphi 7 Studio and dbExpress. Specific topics include how to connect the seven dbExpress components to DB2 and use them to build visual forms on top of database tables.

Write problem set Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Write problem set - Speech or Presentation Example this is because, the substitution effect changes. The quantity of capital is less with more wage rate In the long run, a decrease in the price of capital will lead to an increase in labor units. This is because the proportions have a substitution effect. The total effect will be less capital and more labor employment. a) According to the substitution effect, I would expect a company to have a high own wage elasticity of demand if the other factors of production such as capital can easily be used as substitutes for labor. This would make it easy for labor to be reduced or increased depending on its substitute’s quantities. b) If the product being produced in an industry has high price elasticity, then it means that the labor elasticity of demand will also be high. If an industry is producing coffee and the elasticity of demand for coffee keeps changing, then the own wage labor rate will also change relatively to the elasticity of demand of the product. c) When all the other factors of production have a high elasticity of demand, then it also means that the labor elasticity of demand will be high thus elastic. If a company’s capital demand keeps changing for example, then it means even labor demand will change as the two are co-related. A company will only be able to hire what it can pay for thus the elasticity. d) If the total cost of production of a company is highly contributed by labor, then the labor elasticity of demand will tend to be highly elastic. This is a scale effect that means that, the more labor in an industry contributes highly to more total costs in production, the more the company is likely to demand labor. If product cost is low for example and the company requires to spend less on production, they will cut on labor because it has the bigger percentage hence the

Nebud Prices Hypothesis Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nebud Prices Hypothesis - Speech or Presentation Example cuss the results of hypothesis test for the average price of houses and average price per square foot of houses in comparison to the borough in which each neighborhood is located. Table 1 to 4 shows the 99% Confidence Interval for the average sale price of houses, average age of houses, average lot size of houses, and average price per square foot of the houses for Staten-Bright and Westbury LI neighborhoods. A 99% confidence interval for the average sale price of houses for Staten-Bright neighborhood is between $400,823 to $463,291. Thus, it can be said with 99% confidence that the average sale price of houses for Staten-Bright neighborhood is between $400,823 to $463,291. A 99% confidence interval for the average sale price of houses for Westbury LI neighborhood is between $445,167 to $619,461. Thus, it can be said with 99% confidence that the average sale price of houses for Westbury LI neighborhood is between $445,167 to $619,461. A 99% confidence interval for the average age of houses for Staten-Bright neighborhood is between 71.9 years to 85.0 years. Thus, it can be said with 99% confidence that the average age of houses for Staten-Bright neighborhood is between 71.9 years to 85.0 years. A 99% confidence interval for the average age of houses for Westbury LI neighborhood is between 48.2 years to 54.7 years. Thus, it can be said with 99% confidence that the average age of houses for Westbury LI neighborhood is between 48.2 years to 54.7 years. A 99% confidence interval for the average lot size of houses for Staten-Bright neighborhood is between 3,825 square feet to 4,827 square feet. Thus, it can be said with 99% confidence that the average lot size of houses for Staten-Bright neighborhood is between 3,825 square feet to 4,827 square feet. A 99% confidence interval for the average lot size of houses for Westbury LI neighborhood is between 7,590 square feet to 9,647 square feet. Thus, it can be said with 99% confidence that the average lot size of houses

Reflective writing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective writing - Assignment Example The nurses, or other clinical and medical practitioners, cooperate and work with each other, enable better communication, more understanding, faster decision-making, and a stronger supervision for each other. Group leadership skills provide a solid foundation for using group concepts, theory, and research with a wide variety of groups and group settings (Carolyn, 2008). It is also observed that the patients with chronic health problems are better treated when examined by a group of nurses or doctors. In this way, a constructive research and discussion takes place, and there is an enhanced relationship with the patients. Moreover, while working in groups, the professional skills of nurses are also groomed and they begin enjoying helping and facilitating one another in professional activities (Nursing Times, 2000). The advantage that the concept of group working gives is that there is a more formalized joint approach to the planning of patient care through further participation of patients as well as nurses. The group support also helps relieve anxiety from both the doctor and the patient. I think, in a group working situation, it is also easier to brainstorm and find solutions to the existing problems. It also encourages an effective utilization of the resources, and helps to keep complete records and collection of data whenever needed. In the profession of nursing, it is essential to have mutual cooperation, trustworthiness, sense of accomplishment and respect for the individual values and beliefs. All these aspects can be worked on while performing the tasks in a group (The Scottish Government, 2004). Moreover, working in groups is extremely beneficial for the organizations which operate in a complex manner. There is increased competition, and conformity to better productivity. It results into more and better idea generation and an individual learns to lead and attain a sense of responsibility on his/her part. Shared knowledge and experience gives the

What Are The Work Styles Essay Example for Free

What Are The Work Styles Essay Q.1 What are the work styles and personalities of Thomas Green and Frank Davis? Thomas Green could anticipate the market dynamics and device the ideas that should be implemented. This is evident by his focus of developing new up-selling software. Greens strong persuasion flair made him love meeting new people and charming them over. He also got compliments that he has a great rapport with his clients. Green likes to work independently. Greens self-assurance talent is expressed by his self-confidence and audacious behaviour. Green conveys his ideas to the clients and expects them to proceed by trusting his ideas. Greens leadership style is being ingenious. Greens leadership style is more productive when it comes to implement a task. He is industrious and self-motivated but has trouble in being directed. He prefers face to face communication and building rapport with other employees. He receives feedback from people and responds to them on the spot spontaneously. In a nutshell, he likes to under-promise and over-deliver. Unlike Frank, Green was interested only in the end result of the performance and not in the detailing structure of the job. As the Marketing Director, Frank is an excellent tactical leader. He has the vision to gauge the forthcoming possibilities and leverage the resources to effectively move forward. Having promoted from the position of a senior market specialist he was very proficient and experienced in his approach. He emphasised not only on accomplishing the work but also scrutinizing details. His stringent approach towards scheduling and documentation indicates how organized person he was, with his perfect managerial skills. He had the perfect blend of 15 year-long industry experience and other key skills. With this expertise he is able to chase the growth rate as mentioned. Overall, his leadership style is authoritarian, hence he is strict, and commands close control over followers by regulation of policies and procedures cascaded to then. However, his commands are explicit, easily comprehensible and precise and also well-adjusted to the prevalent management bureaucracy. His work style is scrupulous in details and improvises data with strategies. He is optimistic and diffuses positive energy to keep the moral of the followers maintained high. Davis keeps a check on the office dynamics and politics going on in the office. As a supervisor, it is Davis expectation that Green comply with provided recommendations for changes in demeanour and communication.

The Controversial Theme of A Dolls House by Henrik Ibsen Essay

The Controversial Theme of A Doll's House      Ã‚  Ã‚  In his play, A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen depicts a female protagonist, Nora Helmer, who dares to defy her husband and forsake her "duty" as a wife and mother to seek out her individuality. A Doll's House challenges the patriarchal view held by most people at the time that a woman's place was in the home. Many women could relate to Nora's situation. Like Nora, they felt trapped by their husbands and their fathers; however, they believed that the rules of society prevented them from stepping out of the shadows of men. Through this play, Ibsen stresses the importance of women's individuality. A Doll's House combines realistic characters, fascinating imagery, explicit stage directions, and an influential setting to develop a controversial theme. The characters of this play help to support Ibsen's opinions. Nora's initial characteristics are that of a bubbly, child-like wife who is strictly dependent on her husband. This subordinate role from which Nora progresses emphasizes the need for change in society's view of women. For Nora, her inferior, doll-like nature is a facade for a deeper passion for individuality that begins to surface during the play and eventually fully emerges in the ending. An example of this deep yearning for independence is shown when Nora tells her friend, Kristina Linde about earning her own money by doing copying. Nora explains, "it was tremendous fun sitting [in her room] working and earning money. It was almost like being a man" (A Doll's House, 162). Mrs. Linde is an inspiration to Nora, because Kristina has experienced the independence that Nora longs for. Even though Nora seeks to be independent, she uses her role of subordination to her advant... ...ntroversial theme. Ibsen expresses to the audience his hope for the "miracle" of true equality, when neither men nor women abuse the power that society gives them. When Nora sheds her doll's dress and steps out into the real world, she opens up a new realm of possibilities for all women. Works Cited and Consulted: Agress, Lynne. The Feminine Irony: Women on Women in Early-Nineteenth-Century English Literature. London: Associated UP, 1978. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Ibsen, Henrik. A League of Youth/ A Doll's House/ The Lady From the Sea. Trans. Peter Watts. England: Clays Ltd., 1965. Salomà ©, Lou. Ibsen's Heroines. Ed. and trans. Siegfried Mandel. Redding Ridge: Black Swan, 1985. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.    The Controversial Theme of A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen Essay The Controversial Theme of A Doll's House      Ã‚  Ã‚  In his play, A Doll's House, Henrik Ibsen depicts a female protagonist, Nora Helmer, who dares to defy her husband and forsake her "duty" as a wife and mother to seek out her individuality. A Doll's House challenges the patriarchal view held by most people at the time that a woman's place was in the home. Many women could relate to Nora's situation. Like Nora, they felt trapped by their husbands and their fathers; however, they believed that the rules of society prevented them from stepping out of the shadows of men. Through this play, Ibsen stresses the importance of women's individuality. A Doll's House combines realistic characters, fascinating imagery, explicit stage directions, and an influential setting to develop a controversial theme. The characters of this play help to support Ibsen's opinions. Nora's initial characteristics are that of a bubbly, child-like wife who is strictly dependent on her husband. This subordinate role from which Nora progresses emphasizes the need for change in society's view of women. For Nora, her inferior, doll-like nature is a facade for a deeper passion for individuality that begins to surface during the play and eventually fully emerges in the ending. An example of this deep yearning for independence is shown when Nora tells her friend, Kristina Linde about earning her own money by doing copying. Nora explains, "it was tremendous fun sitting [in her room] working and earning money. It was almost like being a man" (A Doll's House, 162). Mrs. Linde is an inspiration to Nora, because Kristina has experienced the independence that Nora longs for. Even though Nora seeks to be independent, she uses her role of subordination to her advant... ...ntroversial theme. Ibsen expresses to the audience his hope for the "miracle" of true equality, when neither men nor women abuse the power that society gives them. When Nora sheds her doll's dress and steps out into the real world, she opens up a new realm of possibilities for all women. Works Cited and Consulted: Agress, Lynne. The Feminine Irony: Women on Women in Early-Nineteenth-Century English Literature. London: Associated UP, 1978. Durbach, Errol. A Doll's House: Ibsen's Myth of Transformation. Boston: Twayne, 1991. Ibsen, Henrik. A League of Youth/ A Doll's House/ The Lady From the Sea. Trans. Peter Watts. England: Clays Ltd., 1965. Salomà ©, Lou. Ibsen's Heroines. Ed. and trans. Siegfried Mandel. Redding Ridge: Black Swan, 1985. Templeton, Joan. "The Doll House Backlash: Criticism, Feminism, and Ibsen." PMLA (January 1989): 28-40.   

Corrections Trends Evaluation Paper Essay

Corrections have existed throughout society for many years and continued to change and evolve in the United States reflecting society’s values and ideals throughout the centuries. In the criminal justice system, corrections exist in more than one form. Not only do corrections refer to jails and prison systems but they also pertain to community-based programs, such as probation, parole, halfway houses, and treatment facilities. Past, present, and future trends in regard to the development and operation of institutional and community-based corrections vary between states but corrections have grown immensely since the early 1800s and have continued to expand over time. Corrections are adamant to continue to expand into the future because crime is not slowing down so there will remain a strong need for corrections throughout society. The subject of this paper pertains to research of past, present, and future trends in the development and operation of corrections. In some ways corrections are similar to the operation trends of two decades ago. In other ways the development of corrections has come far compared to corrections in the beginning. Other subjects of the paper include current and future issues for prisons and prison administrators and an explanation for why these issues overwhelm corrections. A last topic for discussion is the roles of alternate corrections as a developing trend. Conditions in the early era were inhumane because of prisoners starving, and trends of punishment were in the form of physical punishment. Examples of this were punishments, such as prisoners hanged, tortured, beheaded, or mutilated. This punishment was popular in England, but it had an effect on its American predecessors. Although the conservative e trend that emerged in the 1970s continued to dominate justice system policy the debate between punishment and treatment brought new questions about (Muraskin & Roberts, 2009, pp. 263). Over the years and into the future many still wonder the dominate method in reducing the number of criminals in the department of corrections. The American colonies used means of a corporal punishment just as the motherlands (Gaines & Miller, 208, pp. 313). The system brutally executed citizens who had violated any law. However, not all colonial administrators adhered to a brutal punishment, such as the death penalty. â€Å"The Great Law† ensured any victim a restitution of property or goods, given by the felon (pp. 313). This code, based on Quaker ideals and humanity and rehabilitation, by William Penn was introduced. Although â€Å"The Great Law† still allowed the death penalty, most felons who could not pay restitution to their victims were not executed but were sent to prison where they worked. This exceptional code, in William Penn’s case gained attention by other American colonies. After Penn’s death, Pennsylvania, The center of prison reform, opened its very first penitentiary in Philadelphia (Johnston, 2011). This initiated a chain reaction and other states looked to Pennsylvania as an example for reform. They looked to the penitentiary as a hope of rehabilitating the criminal spirit. It helped to treat and discipline prisoners rather than physically harm them. The silence in a penitentiary was meant to force prisoners to think about their crimes, and weigh the benefits against the consequences. Although the silence treatment was successful, many inmates brought into the penitentiaries and had to share rooms as a result of crowded conditions. This happened at the Walnut Street Prison Penitentiary, and it ended with overcrowded conditions and excessive cost. The prison eventually shut down. Although the prison was shut down, many states continued to use the penitentiary system. If overcrowding occurred it just meant building new penitentiaries. The penitentiary system was important because it influenced later concepts. Such as the idea of separate confinement, which kept inmates separated in individual cells (Gaines & Miller. 2008, pp. 314). These prisoners had contact with religious instructors known as clergy or prison officials only. Another concept introduced was the idea of reform and progress. Inmates who behaved well and followed rules climb a ladder and once at the top may qualify for early release from confinement. The history and structure of prisons and prison administrators has changed immensely over the years. Society today faces the increased probability of incarceration for offenders and inmates serve more time for crimes in the present-day compared to the length of incarceration several years ago. This is in part because of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1984, which caused the length of time served by federal convicts for their crimes to rise significantly (Gaines & Miller, 2008, pp. 316). With more offenders going to prison for longer stays many prisons face overcrowding conditions. The prison overcrowding problem contributes to several issues currently facing prisons and prison administrators. Prison overcrowding is a current issue that without some extreme solutions will continue to plaque the entire department of corrections well into the future. Over the past decade the prison population continues to rise sharply. Stricter laws, harsher punishment, high rates of recidivism, and higher levels of drug related crimes contribute to the rapid growth of incarcerated offenders. Prison overcrowding almost always has a negative effect on inmates and prison administration or staff. Overcrowding leads to higher rates of illness, so in turn prison administrators see an increase in health care costs. Limited more are resources and the likelihood of recidivism rates is higher when prisons reach a maximum capacity population. Another current and future issue of concern for prisons and prison administrators stemming from overcrowding is prison violence. Prison researcher Stephen C. Light found that when conditions such as overcrowding worsen. Inmate misconduct often increases (Gaines & Miller, 2008, pp. 340). Prisoners often use violence as a way to show power or to control other inmates. Prison violence is a means of surviving for some inmates who think of violence as a deterrent against victimization or violence to acquire money or sexual favors. The correctional officers also have to resort to violence as a form of discipline or controlling prison gangs and riots. Funding is another major issue facing prisons and prison administration currently and will continue into the future. The operational cost to house inmates must stay with the limits of an assigned budget. Currently a majority of prisons operate under state and federal governments, unlike the past when private prisons were more common. Private prisons were often more cost-efficient because of labor costs, competitive bidding, and less red tape involved with private prisons. Prison administration and staff place themselves at risk daily for a paycheck; therefore wages must be in a prison budget. Operating costs for electric and water is essential and rises as the inmate population increases. Prisoners have rights to three meals a day and prison budgets must provide these rights. Another necessity in the budget for prisons and prison administrators is the need to rehabilitate and reform inmates. Counselors, doctors, and teachers are necessary inside prisons to attempt to reduce the number of repeat offenders in the prison system. Several alternate correction systems play a role as developing trends in society today. With many issues facing correctional institutions today the developing trends and roles of community-based corrections are becoming more common. Community corrections are being framed in terms of alternative sanctions but a slow pace (Muraskin & Roberts, 2009, pp. 263). The emphasis of community corrections is on controlling punishment and retribution potential (263). The main reason for community-based program is that the cost to place an offender on probation is less than the cost to house an offender in prison. The goal of probation is to give an offender the opportunity to stay out of trouble as opposed to prison. In a sense probation is a second chance for offenders to stay in the community and maintain freedom under supervision. Day reporting centers, half way houses, and electronic monitoring are other examples of community-based corrections that prevent an offender from incarceration in a prison. The goals of these corrections are to allow offenders to stay in the community and maintain employment with special conditions. Community-based programs save funding and space in correctional facilities while recognizing that offenders do need some supervision and discipline to remain in the general population of the community. Corrections have existed throughout society for many years in one form or another. Several types of corrections exist today from jails and prisons to community-based corrections such as probation, halfway houses, and electronic monitoring. Corrections and trends are much different today than in the past and years from then as society evolves changes in corrections are sure to occur. Issues facing corrections, including funding shortages, prison overcrowding, and violence in correctional facilities have worsened over the years and will continue into the future. Community-based programs will continue to make some progress in the correction institutions by improving alternative programs for offenders, but society will never be crime free and therefore corrections will always be necessary.

Downsizing: Costs and Assigned Government Executive

Industry downsizing has been a major part of the corporate world, even government agencies are downsizing. GovernmentExecutive. com â€Å"covers the business of the federal government and its huge departments and agencies – dozens of which dwarf the largest institutions in the private sector† on its website. Read the assigned Government Executive article and answer the following questions: Which industries have substantially reduced fixed cost commitments? Do you believe this reduction in costs has substantially impaired the ability of these industries to meet the needs of their customers? It appears that both privite and public sectors are reducing fixed cost. According to Ciccotello and Green, the technology, auto, and government industries have substantially reduced fixed costs. The specific examples referenced in the article, Industry’s Downsizing Lessons, were IBM, Honda, and the DoD; in some cases the downsizing has been beneficial and in others it has been detrimental. DoD has taken the lead in the current round of federal downsizing, instituting several initiatives to reduce permanent staff positions, rely more on temporary help and outsource production. Honda made large cuts in its permanent engineering staff in response to the more volatile sales environment for automobiles since the mid-1980s. These cuts left Honda unable to keep pace with its competitors in the design of new automobiles. The results have been the loss of market share and profit for Honda, which now faces the difficult task of trying to catch up. The consequence of cutting fixed costs too far could be even more dangerous for a government enterprise like DoD. The computer industry is rapidly changing technology is causing companies to reassess large, fixed-cost commitments. As a result, evidence of decreasing operating leverage in this industry abounds. Many large computer firms have made dramatic cuts in permanent staff. Standard and Poor's reports that IBM had more than 370,000 full-time employees in 1990 and fewer than 270,000 in 1994. At the same time, computer firms have greatly increased outsourcing of products and leasing of equipment. Both of these trends reduce the requirement for large in-house expenditures on personnel, plant and equipment. Outsourcing and leasing make the enterprise more nimble, more able to quickly adapt to a rapidly changing sales environment.

South African Apartheid Quotes About Bantu Education

South African Apartheid Quotes About Bantu Education Bantu Education, the separate and limited experience encountered by non-whites in South Africa when pursuing an education, was a cornerstone of the apartheid philosophy. The following quotes illustrate the diverse viewpoints about Bantu Education from both sides of the anti-Apartheid struggle. Apartheid Quotes It has been decided that for the sake of uniformity English and Afrikaans will be used as media of instruction in our schools on a 50-50 basis as follows:English medium: General Science, Practical Subjects (Homecraft, Needlework, Wood and Metalwork, Art, Agricultural Science)Afrikaans medium: Mathematics, Arithmetic, Social StudiesMother Tongue: Religion Instruction, Music, Physical CultureThe prescribed medium for these subject must be used as from January 1975.In 1976 secondary schools will continue using the same medium for these subjects.Signed JG Erasmus, Regional Director of Bantu Education, 17 October 1974.There is no place for [the Bantu] in the European community above the level of certain forms of labour ... What is the use of teaching the Bantu child mathematics when it cannot use it in practice? That is quite absurd. Education must train people in accordance with their opportunities in life, according to the sphere in which they live.Dr Hendrik Verwoerd, South African min ister for native affairs (prime minister from 1958 to 66), speaking about his governments education policies in the 1950s. As quoted in Apartheid - A History by Brian Lapping, 1987. I have not consulted the African people on the language issue and Im not going to. An African might find that the big boss only spoke Afrikaans or only spoke English. It would be to his advantage to know both languages.South African Deputy Minister of Bantu Education, Punt Janson, 1974.We shall reject the whole system of Bantu Education whose aim is to reduce us, mentally and physically, into hewers of wood and drawers of water.Soweto Sudents Representative Council, 1976.We should not give the Natives any academic education. If we do, who is going to do the manua labour in the community?JN le Roux, National Party politician, 1945.School boycotts are but the tip of the iceberg – the crux of the matter is the oppressive political machinery itself.Azanian Students Organisation, 1981.I have seen very few countries in the world that have such inadequate educational conditions. I was shocked at what I saw in some of the rural areas and homelands. Education is of fundamental importan ce. There is no social, political, or economic problem you can solve without adequate education.Robert McNamara, ex-president of the World Bank, during visit to South Africa in 1982. The education we receive is meant to keep the South African people apart from one another, to breed suspicion, hatred and violence, and to keep us backward. Education is formulated so as to reproduce this society of racism and exploitation.Congress of South African Students, 1984.

Rubidium Facts - Rb or Element 37

Rubidium Facts - Rb or Element 37 Rubidium is a silver-colored alkali metal with a melting point slightly higher than body temperature. The element is atomic number 37 with element symbol Rb. Here is a collection of rubidium element facts. Fast Facts: Rubidium Element Name: RubidiumElement Symbol: RbAtomic Number: 37Appearance: Grey metalGroup: Group 1 (Alkali Metal)Period: Period 5Discovery: Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff (1861)Fun Fact: The half life of the radioactive isotope Rb-87 is 49 billion years or more than three times the age of the universe. Rubidium  Basic Facts Atomic Number: 37 Symbol: Rb Atomic Weight: 85.4678 Discovery: R. Bunsen, G. Kirchoff 1861 (Germany), discovered rubidium in the mineral petalite via its dark red spectral lines. Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 Word Origin: Latin: rubidus: deepest red. Isotopes: There are 29 known isotopes of rubidium. Natural rubidium consists of two isotopes, rubidium-85 (stable with 72.15% abundance) and rubidium-87 (27.85% abundance, a beta emitter with a half-life of 4.9 x 1010 years). Thus, natural rubidium is radioactive, with sufficient activity to expose photographic film within 110 days. Properties: Rubidium may be liquid at room temperature. It ignites spontaneously in air and reacts violently in water, setting fire to the liberated hydrogen. Thus, rubidium must be stored under dry mineral oil, in a vacuum, or in an inert atmosphere. It is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali group. Rubidium forms amalgams with mercury and alloys with gold, sodium, potassium, and cesium. Rubidium glows red-violet in a flame test. Element Classification: Alkali Metal Biological Effects: Rubidium carries a 1 oxidation state, like sodium and potassium, and displays biological activity similar to that of potassium ions. Rubidium concentrates inside cells within the intracellular fluid. The biological half-life of rubidium ions in humans is 31 to 46 days. Rubidium ions are not particularly toxic, but rats die when over half the potassium in heart muscle is replaced by rubidium. Rubidium chloride has been tested as a therapy for the treatment of depression. Researchers found dialysis patients suffering from depression tended to experience depleted rubidium levels. The element is not considered to be essential for human nutrition, although it is present in small quantities in nearly all human and animal tissues. Rubidium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 1.532Melting Point (K): 312.2Boiling Point (K): 961Appearance: soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metalAtomic Radius (pm): 248Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 55.9Covalent Radius (pm): 216Ionic Radius: 147 (1e)Specific Heat (20 °C J/g mol): 0.360Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 2.20Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 75.8Pauling Negativity Number: 0.82First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 402.8Oxidation States: 1Lattice Structure: Body-Centered CubicLattice Constant (Ã…): 5.590CAS Registry Number: 7440-17-7 Rubidium Trivia Rubidium melts just a little above body temperature.Rubidium was discovered using spectroscopy. When Bunsen and Kirchoff examined their sample of petalite, they found two red spectral lines deep into the red part of the spectrum. They named their new element rubidium after the Latin word rubidus meaning deepest red.Rubidium is the second most electropositive element.Rubidium can be used to give fireworks a red-violet color.Rubidium is the 23rd most abundant element in the Earths crust.Rubidium chloride is used in biochemistry as a biomarker to track where potassium is taken up by living organisms.The hyper-fine electron structure of Rubidium-87 is used in some atomic clocks to maintain accuracy.The isotope Ru-87 was used by Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl Wiemen to produce a Bose-Einstein condensate. This earned them the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics. Sources Campbell, N. R.; Wood, A. (1908). The Radioactivity of Rubidium. Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society. 14: 15.Fieve, Ronald R.; Meltzer, Herbert L.; Taylor, Reginald M. (1971). Rubidium chloride ingestion by volunteer subjects: Initial experience. Psychopharmacologia. 20 (4): 307–14. doi:10.1007/BF00403562Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 4.122. ISBN 1439855110.Meites, Louis (1963).  Handbook of Analytical Chemistry  (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.