Why the Hawaii Light Rail Should Be Built.

Harold Ano Ho Argument Paragraph Second Draft 9/26/12 ENG22 T/Tr 1:30 Why the Light Rail Should Be Built. The light rail project will benefit Oahu in many ways, and should be constructed without delay. The first reason that the rail should be constructed is because it will help the economy. One example of how the rail will benefit the economy is that it will create many lasting jobs for workers due to the fact that the rail is a massive project that will last years.Additionally, once the rail is completed it will increase tax revenue, and eventually the taxes used to complete the project will be gained back through the project itself. The second reason why the Light rail should be built is that it will benefit the community. For example, traffic is getting worse by the year, and it will continue to do so unless we do something about it. The rail will provide an alternate means of transportation that is safe, quick, and more efficient than our current transportation.Those who wish to ride the rail will be saving money on gas, and those who wish to drive their cars will be able to do so in less traffic due to the decrease in cars on the road, so everyone wins. The third and final reason why the rail should be built is that it will help protect the environment. The pollution from cars is immense, and there is no way to remove the damage already done, only reduce the amount that we are damaging it by. The rail is electric powered, which is eco friendly.The more people who ride the rail, the less cars there will be on the road; the less cars there are on the road, the less pollution there will be. Those who are against the Light rail claim that during the construction it will cause more traffic, instead of decreasing it. While this is true, it is very short sighted and they are only looking at the small picture. The reality of the matter is that there are more cars on the road every passing year, and if we don’t do something now, it will eventually become so bad that the time spent in traffic will become infinitely worse.Spending a few years with slightly worse traffic is worth it if it will improve traffic matters for many decades to come. Another thing opponents say is that the rail will be disruptive to neighborhoods. They would be correct in this if the rail was at ground level, but since the rail will be elevated above the ground, the sound will be no worse than a freeway. For these reasons and more, the construction of the Light rail should be allowed to be continued, and completed.

Foreign Literature Essay

Nowadays, we are living in a world that everything exist makes our life easier. Technologies, upgrade and change rapid and it will last for long time. At the moment, folks is still using the most useful and informative matter in searching significant things. Internet is the best way in exploring matters, and currently numerous are exploiting it. Business, government, organizations, companies are the usual users of internet. Reasons why people use internet is because it will provide and suggest sites that you can assure you will not victim by some people who are untrusted. Business like selling and reserving house and lots has their own websites that you can visit and inquire if you are interested in buying there house and lots. Today people are not much put effort in buying or reserving house and lot, one of the reason is they are busy on their work and they cannot a lot time to visit the subdivision. Instead of visiting some subdivision they just surf the internet to know what are the subdivisions that are selling high class or regular style of houses and how extent the lots that can be reserved by the customer. Tarlac is one of the provinces who are progressive and still strive hard just to make it well-liked by the individuals who had been on this place. There are myriads of the subdivisions in Tarlac, so competition takes place. In order to have buyers, different tactics and techniques are needed. Shangri-La Homes Subdivision is a new build subdivision located at San Jose, Tarlac. STATEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVE This research is intended and developed an â€Å"Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision† that can be accessed of the people who are interested in buying or reserving house and lots. Precisely, it attained the subsequent objectives: * To help people in buying and reserving house and lots in much easier ways. * To organized the transactions between the buyer and the administration * To lessen the effort of the customers. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision reinforced the administration of the subdivision, SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY This research concentrates only on Online House and Lot Reservation for Shangri-La Homes Subdivision. The system helped the administration of the subdivision and buyers to put less effort in buying and reserving house and lot in typical ways. Administration of the subdivision will not have more strategies to make just to have buyers, in the part of the administration they will not hire people who are giving leaflets and have an advertisement furthermore they can saved money. On the other hand, the buyers who are interested will not go to the subdivision and ask much information and they can save their time in spending it with their families.

Discuss politics and power in the workplace. What is an example of an Term Paper

Discuss politics and power in the workplace. What is an example of an appropriate use of power What is an example of an inappropriate use of power, and why - Term Paper Example The concept of power stems from the concept of hierarchy in an organization and therefore power has to be exerted to get work done. Hence power backed with politics is an essential force to create change in an organization which leads to innovation. Power and politics can be used in both positive and negative ways. A balanced use of power in appropriate ways to regulate and monitor employees with strong leadership qualities can bring both satisfaction at the workplace and huge rewards for the organization. In contrast forceful manipulation and abuse of power to dominate others is extremely harmful for both the workers and the organization. Since power is always a bone of contention in the workplace, its proper usage can be tricky. Appropriate use of power should result in the form of happy, contended employees, a peaceful workplace and efficient performance. But by no means should the authority stop from exerting necessary power to prevent offending the employees. An appropriate use of power will be rewarding employees on their performance. This power can easily result in the reinforcement of the positive activities of the worker. These rewards do not necessarily have to be tangible but they can be small intangible praises which can be very meaningful for the employee and will boost his morale. (7 types of power in the workplace)Efficient use of power is also creating the right balance between being an ignorant leader and being a control freak. The employees should not be able to take advantage of the boss lenience but simultaneously should not be fed up of his micromanagement and criticism. The right ways to use powe r is dependent upon the organization and the workers but they all result in better performance, effective leadership and satisfied employees. When exerting power, it is very easy to cross the line and abuse it because with power comes the tendency to overuse it. In appropriate use of power will

Professional statement Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Professional - Personal Statement Example During my third year in nursing school, in 2007, I became a patient care associate at Penn Presbyterian Medical Center on ACE Unit. After graduating from nursing school, I was employed as a Registered Nurse in 2008 on the same unit. I worked hard to become a charge nurse, a preceptor and later attained an ACLS certification on my Unit. I am an active member of the cultural diversity committee and an active member of the ambulation program initiation on my Unit. According to Barker (45), a nurse has to acquire knowledge through continuous learning. I took the Basic Arrhythmia Course, the Medical, Surgical nurse certification review course, and I am a board certified gerontological registered nurse. I have completed 34 credits at graduate level in my Adult Nurse Practitioner program at La sale University. In addition, I completed 250 hours clinical orientation as a NP student at three different sites: Einstein Medical Center, Park pleasant with the ACE Unit attending medical doctor and Philadelphia Prison system. I have worked with UPHS, which values patient safety. Patient safety goals are studies by safety officers within an organization and throughout the world. I plan to suggest to the patient safety committee to make it compulsory that pharmacists evaluate a patient’s

The Secret Loin and The Rocking Horse Winner Essay

The Secret Loin and The Rocking Horse Winner - Essay Example This paper talkst he first story told about the importance and need to represent myself and my thoughts. Importantly, the second story, guided to avoid being too much greedy because it thrills but it kills in the long run. The second story also guided to think money as a tool of living. The objective of one’s existence should be to enjoy the life because believe it or not humans get only one go around in this world and therefore, it is people’s duty and responsibility to stop worrying about the future and initiate to live in the present. The present moment is what we all got and we can either enjoy it or waste it. In the paper we can find out the description of the first story. The story entitled â€Å"The Secret Loin† discussed two characters, whom were bored with exactitude of the routine. They were basically studying at Junior High School and there they were not permitted to have a conversation with anyone. They were expected to take classes and go home without thinking for a moment during the entire day. The thinking is the process that is the most difficult act for human beings. Most of the humanity wants to execute predetermined stigmata and manage the old routine The story at hand depicted a human urge and need to say what they want to say. This paper says that the second story with the title of â€Å"The Rocking Horse Winner† is written to tell people that unjustified greed and longing for the money is going to kill. The story attributes an anxious mother who wants to make money all the time. Furthermore, she is always worried and has a habit of blaming others for her own troubles. Paul is the name of the abovementioned mother’s son and he is told by her that she is miserable because of his father’s unluckiness. She also told him that luck is important, due to its ability to attract money. Paul in the vague of making a lot of money starts betting on horse races. Finally, with the help of Bassit and Uncle Oscar, Paul initiated to make money big time. But, one day while riding his rocking horse he fell and contracted an incurable brain disease and

Globalization and Racism in Context of Australian Education Assignment

Globalization and Racism in Context of Australian Education - Assignment Example It may be subject to certain restrictions like the will of the host country to accept the foreign student or may be subject to various other privations like visa, passport, and funding for international studies. Globalization, on the other hand, transcends all borders and the concept of nation or state seemingly does not exist. Here the world is a single entity, comprising of a common ‘knowledge society’. Since globalization has been the result of a worldwide economic and commercial integration, (unlike the internationalization of education, that sees knowledge exchange at very high scholarly levels), it has been identified with transnational educational systems that are based on private entrepreneurial market-driven forces and related competition; and a resultant knowledge exchange that is commercial based (Teichler U and YaÄŸcÄ ±Ã‚  , 2009).Observing the current accelerated rate in globalization it is indeed necessary that the colleges and universities worldwide (in cluding Australia) come together and change their present curriculum to form an integrated educational system so that the concept of a singular ‘knowledge society’ becomes a reality. Globalization, an innovation of the 21st century, is a term that has â€Å"come from nowhere to be almost everywhere† (Giddens, 1999, 7). Globalization though mainly associated with the concept of a worldwide economic integration and a borderless market, its effect without any doubt â€Å"extends well beyond the economy...it transforms people, states, societies, cultures and civilizations† (Comeliau, 1997, 30). The effects of globalization are visible in three main areas, in context of any particular country.  

Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 11

Final - Essay Example In the initial contemporary period, European encounters were the result of the advancement of change of the western societies, during the revolution into the current capitalist markets and nations to states. The first advancement was experienced in the 15th and 16th centuries, and the focus was the Atlantic basin, which constituted the Atlantic islands, Coastal West Africa, and Central America continent. This also included the Northern Seas, the Oriental Seas and the Asian Seas. The second advancement was in the 18th century, which took place around the Pacific regions. The other expansion was in the 19th century, which took place in the central Africa. All these advancements brought with them new encounters like socialization and movement of people from different parts of the world, which in turn brought about appreciation and development of different cultures or the transcultural world. There was also redistribution of the world resources, which led to imbalance in the world economy as Europeans benefitted more than others (Heinemann 301). These encounters also stimulated the European perception on the nature and community in general, and brought new perspectives of rational enquiry. Also, there were impressive travel accounts and historical writings, which form an important part of history today. Western civilization is viewed as legacy of concepts that exists in Europe and America, which emanated from Greece and Rome. However, the civilization does not belong to any specific place. Different people used historical evidence to promote their own ideas, for instance, Martin Luther’s ideas were based on the Christian teaching in the holy bible. He suggested that, according to the word of God, individuals cannot exist as unmarried without sinning, and it is only in the family where chaste life could hold. Martin Luther encouraged and advocated for removal of girls from the nunneries and covenants that led to sexual repression. Luther

Union Grievance Process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Union Grievance Process - Research Paper Example Union Grievance Process â€Å"A grievance is defined within a collective bargaining agreement (CBA). In general, a CBA may establish that a grievance arises when an employer violates a provision of the CBA, state or federal law, or "past practice"†(Johnson). More precisely, grievance is a written complaint registered by the employee about his employment right violations. This paper analyses various dimensions of union grievance process. Even though the term collective bargaining is quiet familiar to us, it was first used by the renowned economist Sidney Webb in 1891. However, the term collective bargaining gained prominence in the nineteenth century when trade unions were started to evolve in organizational world. Since grievance is accommodated within the CBA’s, the case of grievance or Union Grievance Process was also evolved along with the CBA’s. In fact, by 1944 the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed that 73% of all labor contracts in America contained arbitration clauses and by the early 1980’s that figure had grown to 95%. The purposes of grievance procedures are; â€Å"To resolve disputes arising in the workplace, To provide contract interpretations, To protect the employees' and union's negotiated contract rights, To establish precedent, To ensure uniform treatment of employees, To maintain relative peace in the workplace†(Processing Grievances, p.502). It is difficult for an employee to work positively if he feels that some of his employment rights were disallowed by the employer. Same way it is impossible for the employer to ensure better productivity from the employees if the employer fails to keep positive relationships with the employees. Grievances help both the employer and the employee to settle their issues and strengthen their cooperation for mutual benefits. In other words, grievances are not only beneficial to the employees, but also to the employer. In most of the cases, employee will try to settle the issues with his employer directly or individually. However, in some cases, it c ould be difficult for the employee to argue present his arguments successfully in front of the employer. For example, if an employer dismisses or suspends an employee without genuine reasons, it is difficult for the employee to convince the employer with his arguments. If the employee is a trade union member, he will try to solve his problems with the help of the union, in such circumstances. When a trade union, negotiates with the employer to solve the problems of an employee or group of employees, the process will be referred as union grievance process. â€Å"The grievance process enforces the collective bargaining agreement, which establishes the memberships' terms and conditions of employment† (Johnson). Grievances are taking place in all the departments of an organization even though the details of some of them could be kept confidential. Union grievance process consists of certain procedures. The case of union grievance process begins when an employee approaches his imm ediate supervisor with a problem, dispute or employment right violation complaint. â€Å"If an employee brings forward an alleged violation of the collective agreement, the

Organizing function of management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Organizing function of management - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that there are four main functions of management such as planning, organizing, leading and controlling. The fourth function of management which is controlling includes monitoring activities and resources efficiently and effectively within an organization. Technological resources include an organization’s ability to innovate and speed with which innovation occurs (The internal environment: A resource-based review of strategy). In order to be successful in the business, companies need to understand and observe customers closely. Only after knowing the customers, we can personalize products and services as per their needs and requirements. Technology is an important organizational resource with which companies can do wonders for their customers if managed this resource wisely. Technology provides companies to add as many features as they would like in a single product. For example, if you go back a decade or two, the function of the mos t advanced cell phone was to make a phone call or send a message. Now, times have changed. Drastic changes have come in the field of technology. The new iPhone by Apple has 10,000 features including wireless Internet, digital camera, global positioning system, and even audio/video player. Apple is the most valuable technology company in the world. Apple introduced tablets and other advanced gadgets in the market which no one can compete. It attracts all the technological freaks towards its latest inventions with its innovative features and great looks.

Brave New World and Ethics Essay Example for Free

Brave New World and Ethics Essay Barely peeking over the horizon the barren landscape sparkled as rays of light pierced the darkness driving away the aches and pain from their tired bodies. Straining his eyes he saw the river glowing far in the distance looking so harmless in daylight. Shuddering softly the dark churning waters of the previous night haunted him as he look at the serene form of his wife as she lay in fitful slumber. Turning around he allowed himself one last chance to partake in sweet memories of friends, family, his country, all left behind. As his wife stirred he turned around. He never looked back. Forward they walked towards opportunities untold. Forward they walk towards a new beginning. Forward they walked in America, home of the free. For centuries humans have forsaken the comforts of their current situations in search of a better existence for themselves and their families. From migrating thousands of miles to overthrowing governments humans have a knack for defying the odds successfully in pursuit of their morals and values. Descendant from a primitive apelike people, humans developed over thousands of years morphing into a super species where science is exalted in the quest to dominate nature. In the modern era, scientific and technological advancement are idolized as successes in these fields test the limits of our imaginations. With recent discoveries in genetics and the decoding of the human genome, scientists and politicians today work tirelessly towards complete control of the human body, plants, animals with dazzling results and further successes projected even up to the creation of synthetic life. However, many lines of research have sparked considerable controversy as society moves into an age of untold possibilities. The book Brave New World by Aldous Huxely portrays a futuristic society where humans have been molded into a cast system through chemical mutations, mind altering drugs, and psychological conditioning. With all classic philosophy, literature, and history destroyed as relics of the past, society stands static without any knowledge of a societal reality more primitive or advanced than the status quo. Despite current societal movement towards genetic modification and enhancement, the censorship and elimination of creative perspective present in Huxely’s utopia contradict the individualism and sense of self gave driving society forward. Modern society will never mirror Huxely’s utopia do to the innate spirituality and drive for growth that characterizes human nature. Brave New World depicts a society where humans control their bodies and environment through chemical treatments. Although scientifically impossible, this basic premise of environmental control becomes a reality when utilizing the principles of modern genomics. Over the last two decades scientists have gradually decoded every gene and strand of DNA that allows the human body to function. The gravity of this feat is insurmountable opening the door to limitless possibilities. But despite identifying several the causes of several common polygenic disorders (disorders in which several gene are implicated) and identifying the genes responsible for several Mendelian disorders, the promise of Gene therapy has â€Å"proved nothing but a pipe dream†(Kass). Beyond the elimination of disease, genetically enhanced and altered crops have increased in popularity. Several strains of crops such as cotton, corn, and soybeans have been enhanced with artificial genes that produce insecticides or resistance to herbicides. Furthermore, scientists are attempting to genetically modify plants, insects, and bacteria. Geneticists hope that in the near future genetically engineered plants will have the ability to feed on toxic pollutants. And certain bacteria have already been altered to produce chemicals valuable in manufacturing such as adipic acid, one of the ingredients in nylon, and teraphthalic acid, a component of a specialist polyester (Kass). With the possibilities of producing indestructible crops, plants that eliminate pollutants, and genetically modified fauna to produce chemicals, the economic stability and general prosperity depicted in Brave New World may become a reality in years to come. Furthermore, Huxley’s utopia presented a society where being a mother or father was considered vile and disgusting. Children were manufactured in â€Å"Hatchery And Conditioning Centers† where embryos were designed and enhanced with a complex cocktail of chemical additives in a manufacturing process. Currently modern technology has not developed a method of substituting natural birth conditions and genetically altering an embryo is close to impossible (Kass). But the prospect of genetically modified embryos dubbed â€Å"Designer Babies† lurks in the future. When these techniques develop society will possess the capabilities of genetically determining the capabilities of newborns despite whether artificial birth exists. From an ideological view, the extreme dehumanization in Brave New World may seem difficult to comprehend, but as generation builds on generation, the evolution of cultural practices and values inches society closer a similar state. As science allows society to conquer infertility or improve the genetic makeup of a child, birth moves one step closer to a manufacturing process (Carr). Even when moving beyond the technological transformations, the dominant explanation of organic life is the theory of evolution which directly undermines the value of human life (Carr). Rather than beings with spirits and a divine purpose, society diminishes mankind to nothing more than a meaningless collection of cells whose purpose is reproduction. Regardless of the technological and ideological influences that create a level of symmetry with Huxely’s utopia, our society can never reach the extremes presented in Brave New World because the core cultural values depicted directly contradict those our society ascribe to. Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"Without continual growth and progress, such words as improvement, achievement, and success have no meaning†. Brave New World depicted such a society where those not in a drug induced coma or suffering from purposeful cognitive damage were confined to a bland meaningless existence. Our society today is designed to award the innovative and talented as all struggle to achieve individual success. Emphasizing individual growth and achievement, our society will never sit static and unchanged as the world depicted in Huxely’s work.

Pathophysiology of Skin Alterations

Pathophysiology of Skin Alterations Skin Alterations Beverly Phelps Abstract Human skin is the largest multifunctional organ of the body, and knowledge of its structure and function is essential to clinicians and researchers. The skin has two layers, the epidermis and dermis, separated by a basement membrane zone. It provides protection, sensation, thermoregulation, biochemical/metabolic, and immune functions. Key and emerging concepts important to understanding pathophysiological mechanisms for practicing clinicians are: knowledge of differences between acute and chronic wounds; ability to evaluate depth and extent of injury; and understanding stages of healing versus zones of activity. Discussion: Explain pathophysiology of broad categories of skin alterations (e.g., minor, traumatic, burns, benign, parasitic, pressure ulcers, cancerous, infectious, and inflammatory). Also discuss causative agents, assessment data (what it looks like, pathophysiological changes, and presenting symptoms). Skin Alterations This paper will cover minor wounds, burns, pressure injury, and cancer with variations in skin color, as well as the causative agents and assessment data. Minor Wounds Minor skin wounds occur as the result of unanticipated trauma and may include lacerations, abrasions, blisters and more serious wounds such as skin tears and bites. Lacerations are often irregular shaped wounds with ragged skin edges and typically have deeper skin damage and bruising noted. Abrasions are known as grazes and are more superficial wounds in which the top layer of the skin is remove by sliding across a rough surface and usually contains some dirt and sometimes even particles of what scraped it. Blisters are the result of friction of between the top two layers of the skin, or coming in contact with something hot, removing the top of the blister, puncturing the blister, or draining the fluid will cause the area to heal more quickly, and will require a protective dressing afterwards. A cut or incision usually has clean edges as a result of the cause of injury, for example a sharp knife. If it is a deep wound it can bleed profusely and nerve and muscle damage can occur. Human and animal bites are of special concern, especially in puncture wounds, as bacteria from the mouth can enter the wound resulting in an increased risk of tetanus an d infection. Most animal bites are from pets, usually dogs and cats, and can cause abrasions, deep scratches, and lacerations as well as puncture wounds. Cat bites and scratches are considered more serious due to the high incidence of infection due to the germs that are in their mouth and under their claws. Infection is the largest risk of minor traumatic wounds as they often contain debris and bacteria from the cause of the injury. The treatment from a minor traumatic wound is to clean the wound and surrounding skin, removing any debris and other foreign material. Abrasions require thorough irrigation as ground dirt is frequently embedded in these wounds. Apply an antiseptic solution to cleanse the wound using chlorhexidine, povidone-iodine and normal saline. Surgical wounds that have been stitched together, just clean the old blood prior to the application of a dry dressing. The most important thing is to try to determine the cause of the injury or the object which caused the injury and when the injury occurred. Wounds greater than six to eight hours old have an increased risk of infection. With all traumatic injuries assess the patient’s tetanus status and ensure they have adequate coverage. Following this an assessment of the wound can be made for the location, size, and depth and any additional trauma to underlying structures such as muscle, tendon, nerve, vascular and bone. Animal bites must be monitored for 24-48 hours for signs of infection. Precautionary antibiotic may be administered. Burns Burns can be sustained in a number of ways with children and the elderly where it is the most common. Scalds involving hot liquids are the most common type of burns. In adults, flame burns are more prevalent and other causes can include chemical contact, electrical, friction damage, and sunburn. The seriousness of a burn injury depends on several factors including the size, depth of the burn, the location of the burn, and the age and general medical condition of the burn patient. Clinical studies suggest that about 95% of all burns are relatively minor, however about 5% require hospitalization and highly specialized treatment. The severity of a burn determines the type of treatment it requires. There are 5 recognized grades of burns, minor/superficial, superficial partial thickness, mid dermal partial thickness, deep dermal partial thickness, and full thickness, which has replaced the first, second and third degree terminology used before. Minor/Epidermal is characterized by red, painful, usually not blistered, and will heal within approximately 7 days with no scarring. Superficial dermal is characterized by blistered with pale pink base, very painful and usually heals by epithelialization in 10 – 14 days with no scarring. Mid – Deep dermal is characterized by blotchy, red or white base +/- blisters, no capillary return, predominantly painless, prolonged healing with possible scarring and contracture, and heal in 14 – 28 days. Full thickness is characterized by leathery, white or charred, painless, and prolonged healing with scarring and possible loss of function. The clinical objectives for management of burns are stabilize the patient, cool the wound, debride devitalized (necrotic) tissue, protect from infection, and close the wound by first or second intention healing or by grafting. The impact of first aid cannot be overemphasized with rapid, effective first aid helping to prevent further damage and deeper tissue loss. Burn wound conversion refers to the process whereby tissue damage can extend to deeper layers resulting in prolonged healing. This increases the risk of complications post healing such as contraction and keloid or hypertrophic scarring. Pressure Ulcers . A Pressure Injury is a wound caused by unrelieved pressure of tissue compressed between a bony prominence and an external surface which is classified according to the extent of tissue damage. Synonymous terms include pressure sores, bedsores, and decubitus ulcers. As a result of unrelieved pressure, the network of vascular and lymph vessels supplying oxygen and nutrients to the tissues can be occluded. Several factors are involved in determining if a Pressure Injury will develop and include: duration of pressure, intensity of pressure, and the ability of tissue to tolerate pressure (tissue tolerance). However, there is no universal agreement as to the length of time and the intensity of pressure before tissue damage occurs. Other major factors include: shear, friction forces, and moisture. Pressure Injuries affect people who are largely immobile. They are most common amongst the elderly, but can effect anyone who is confined to a bed or wheel chair. On average 10% of hospitalized p atients can develop a pressure ulcer during their stay. Recent prevalence studies undertaken in several major Australian teaching hospitals identified the prevalence rate of pressure ulcers as being between 5.4% and 15.6%. The most common positions for pressure ulcers are Sacrum/tail bone, Heel, Ischia/buttocks, and Greater trochanters/hip Pressure injury classification are classified according to the level of tissue damage that has been sustained and staging system is used. There are 4 stages of pressure injuries, and are as follows. Stage one is described as intact skin with observable changes including areas of persistent redness. Stage two is described by partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and or dermis. Stage three is described by full thickness involving damage or necrosis of subcutaneous tissue that may extend down to, but not through, underlying fascia. Stage four is described as full thickness skin loss with extensive tissue destruction to muscle, bone, or supporting structures, tendon, and joint capsule, and may have undermining or sinus formation. The primary treatment and objective for management of pressure injuries are: reduction of pressure and shear forces, management of exudate, prevention of contamination leading to infection, creation of a moist wound environment, and to minimize the frequency of dressing changes, which is generally more cost effective, and provide more rapid healing and less disruption to the patient. Skin Cancer. Skin cancer occurs when errors occur in the DNA of skin cells. The mutations cause the cells to grow out of control and form a mass of cancer cells. Cells involved in skin cancer begin in your skin’s epidermis. The epidermis provides a protective cover of skin cells that your body continually sheds. The epidermis contains three main types of cells: the squamous cells that lie just below the outer surface and function as the skin’s inner lining, the basal cells, which produce new skin cells, sit beneath the squamous cells, and melanocytes which produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its normal color, and are located in the lower part of your epidermis. Melanocytes produce more melanin when you’re in the sun to help protect the deeper layers of your skin. Where skin cancer begins, is determined by its type and will also determine the treatment options. Skin cancer is the abnormal growth of skin cells that most often develops on skin exposed to the sun. But th is common form of cancer can also occur on areas of your skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight. There are three major types of skin cancer — basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and melanoma. You can reduce your risk of skin cancer by limiting or avoiding exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Checking your skin for suspicious changes can help detect skin cancer at its earliest stages. Early detection of skin cancer gives you the greatest chance for successful skin cancer treatment. Skin cancer develops primarily on areas of sun-exposed skin, including the scalp, face, lips, ears, neck, chest, arms and hands, and on the legs in women. But it can also form on areas that rarely see the light of day like your palms, beneath your fingernails or toenails, and your genital area. Skin cancer affects people of all skin tones, including those with darker complexions. When melanoma occurs in people with dark skin tones, its more likely to occur in areas not normally exposed to the sun Ultraviolet light and other potential causes Much of the damage to DNA in skin cells results from ultraviolet (UV) radiation found in sunlight and in the lights used in tanning beds. But sun exposure doesnt explain skin cancers that develop on skin not ordinarily exposed to sunlight. This indicates that other factors may contribute to your risk of skin cancer, such as being exposed to toxic substances or having a condition that weakens your immune system. Risk factors Factors that may increase your risk of skin cancer include: Fair skin.  Anyone, regardless of skin color, can get skin cancer. However, having less melanin in your skin provides less protection from damaging UV radiation. If you have blond or red hair and light-colored eyes, and you freckle or sunburn easily, youre much more likely to develop skin cancer than is a person with darker skin. A history of sunburns.  Having had one or more blistering sunburns as a child or teenager increases your risk of developing skin cancer as an adult. Sunburns in adulthood also are a risk factor. Excessive sun exposure.  Anyone who spends considerable time in the sun may develop skin cancer, especially if the skin isnt protected by sunscreen or clothing. Tanning, including exposure to tanning lamps and beds, also puts you at risk. A tan is your skins injury response to excessive UV radiation. Sunny or high-altitude climates.  People who live in sunny, warm climates are exposed to more sunlight than are people who live in colder climates. Living at higher elevations, where the sunlight is strongest, also exposes you to more radiation. Moles.  People who have many moles or abnormal moles called dysplastic nevi are at increased risk of skin cancer. These abnormal moles — which look irregular and are generally larger than normal moles — are more likely than others to become cancerous. If you have a history of abnormal moles, watch them regularly for changes. Precancerous skin lesions.  Having skin lesions known as actinic keratosis can increase your risk of developing skin cancer. These precancerous skin growths typically appear as rough, scaly patches that range in color from brown to dark pink. Theyre most common on the face, head and hands of fair-skinned people whose skin has been sun damaged. A family history of skin cancer.  If one of your parents or a sibling has had skin cancer, you may have an increased risk of the disease. A personal history of skin cancer.  If you developed skin cancer once, youre at risk of developing it again. A weakened immune system.  People with weakened immune systems have a greater risk of developing skin cancer. This includes people living with HIV/AIDS and those taking immunosuppressant drugs after an organ transplant. Exposure to radiation.  People who received radiation treatment for skin conditions such as eczema and acne may have an increased risk of skin cancer, particularly basal cell carcinoma. Exposure to certain substances.  Exposure to certain substances, such as arsenic, may increase your risk of skin cancer References http://www.sh.lsuhsc.edu/policies/policy_manuals_via_ms_word/wocn/wocn_08.pdf http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/562489_4 http://annonc.oxfordjournals.org/content/16/9/1425.full http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17523178 http://www.mayoclinic.com

Carpets: Mass Production vs Handmade Essay -- carpet manufacturing tec

Introduction:- Civilization has brought tremendous changes in the life of human beings. All things are changing day by day through the efforts of scientific researches. Among these textiles are good example.. a dictionary definition of the noun 'textile' is a woven fabric and d defination of the verb 'to wave' is 'to make by crossing threads, strands, strips etc, above and below one another, as in a loom to form cloth'.(sheila landi1998,-10-11). Textile are remarkable and exist in many forms. they can be made from a wide range of fibers including: cotton , flax, wool, silk, acrylic and polyester. the process involved in making textiles from these fibers are diverse e.g: spinning , weaving, braiding , knotting , embroidery , dying and printing(foekje boersma 2007). The Textile industry is one of the oldest, largest and most global industries in the world. It is the typical ‘starter’ industry for countries engaged in export-orientated industrialisation (Gereffi 2002) and is labour-intensive. Brenton et al. (2007) suggest a number of reasons why the Textile sector has played such an important role in economic development. The sector absorbs large numbers of unskilled labour, typically drawing them from rural agricultural households to rural locations. Despite relatively low start-up investment costs, expansion of the sector provides a base upon which to build capital for more technologically demanding activities in other sectors. Throughout ancient times, textile manufacture was practiced on all levels of society and was one of the most labour-intensive of all occupations. As such, it was an industry of great cultural and social importance and should be factored into any balanced assessment of the ancient economy. Ov... ...ort Diversification: still a route to growth for low income countries? World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4343 Barber, Elizabeth J. Wayland 1991. Prehistoric Textiles. The Development of Cloth in the "eolithic and Bronze Ages. Princeton: Princeton University Press. 1999. The Mummies of ÃÅ"rà ¼mchi. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, Inc. Good, Irene 1998. â€Å"Bronze Age cloth and clothing of the Tarim Basin: the Chà ¤rchà ¤n evidence†. In V. Mair (ed.), The Bronze Age and Early Iron Age People of Eastern Central Asia, Washington, DC, 656-668. 1999. The Ecology of Exchange: Textiles from Shahr-I Sokhta, Eastern Iran. Ph.D. diss., University of Pennsylvania. 2001. â€Å"Archaeological Textiles: A Review of Current Research†. Annual Review of Anthropology 30, 209-226 Và ¶lling, Elisabeth 2008. Textiltechnik im Alten Orient: Rohstoffe und Herstellung. Wurzburg.

Effects of Media on Children and Adolescents Essays -- media influence

1. Character merchandising will be processed by children at the peripheral level, aka heuristic persuasion processing, as it is a message that relies heavily on emotional attachment and source attractiveness. These appeals rely on moderate levels of consumer attention and low motivation to process the message. The persuasive message is not presented in a rational argument the consumer must cognitively analyze but rather it is presented through an attractive character that children either know or can easily attach to that is aimed at generating a positive emotional association with the brand. Product placement will be processed at the automatic level, aka automatic persuasion processing, because consumers are generally unaware that they are being targeted by a persuasive message. The brand is integrated seamlessly into media content so that children do not know it is placed their intentionally as a marketing strategy. The implicit nature of product placement relies on the consumer to devote no explicit attention to the advertised brand and rather make a subconscious positive association. Children exposed to product placement do not need to be motivated or cognitively able to process the message as it is designed for implicit brand memory. 2. Rozendaal et al. emphasize the crucial difference between conceptual knowledge of advertising and attitudinal knowledge. The study showed that being conceptually literate (recognizing and understanding an advertising message) does not increase advertising defenses in children. Therefore, interventions will most likely be ineffective as children will not use the knowledge they have when faced with a persuasive message. Moreover, most messages aimed at children are processed at the per... ...& adolescent medicine, 153(11), 1184-1189. Veldhuis, J., Konijn, E. A., & Seidell, J. C. (2012). Weight information labels on media models reduce body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(6), 600-606. Matsuba, M. K. (2006). Searching for self and relationships online.CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(3), 275-284. Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Preadolescents' and adolescents' online communication and their closeness to friends. Developmental psychology,43(2), 267. Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2008). Adolescents' Identity Experiments on the Internet Consequences for Social Competence and Self-Concept Unity.Communication Research, 35(2), 208-231. Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Social consequences of the internet for adolescents a decade of research. Current Directions in Psychological Science,18(1), 1-5. Effects of Media on Children and Adolescents Essays -- media influence 1. Character merchandising will be processed by children at the peripheral level, aka heuristic persuasion processing, as it is a message that relies heavily on emotional attachment and source attractiveness. These appeals rely on moderate levels of consumer attention and low motivation to process the message. The persuasive message is not presented in a rational argument the consumer must cognitively analyze but rather it is presented through an attractive character that children either know or can easily attach to that is aimed at generating a positive emotional association with the brand. Product placement will be processed at the automatic level, aka automatic persuasion processing, because consumers are generally unaware that they are being targeted by a persuasive message. The brand is integrated seamlessly into media content so that children do not know it is placed their intentionally as a marketing strategy. The implicit nature of product placement relies on the consumer to devote no explicit attention to the advertised brand and rather make a subconscious positive association. Children exposed to product placement do not need to be motivated or cognitively able to process the message as it is designed for implicit brand memory. 2. Rozendaal et al. emphasize the crucial difference between conceptual knowledge of advertising and attitudinal knowledge. The study showed that being conceptually literate (recognizing and understanding an advertising message) does not increase advertising defenses in children. Therefore, interventions will most likely be ineffective as children will not use the knowledge they have when faced with a persuasive message. Moreover, most messages aimed at children are processed at the per... ...& adolescent medicine, 153(11), 1184-1189. Veldhuis, J., Konijn, E. A., & Seidell, J. C. (2012). Weight information labels on media models reduce body dissatisfaction in adolescent girls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(6), 600-606. Matsuba, M. K. (2006). Searching for self and relationships online.CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(3), 275-284. Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Preadolescents' and adolescents' online communication and their closeness to friends. Developmental psychology,43(2), 267. Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2008). Adolescents' Identity Experiments on the Internet Consequences for Social Competence and Self-Concept Unity.Communication Research, 35(2), 208-231. Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2009). Social consequences of the internet for adolescents a decade of research. Current Directions in Psychological Science,18(1), 1-5.

The Very First Day of School (1945) Essay -- Personal Narrative

   My mother took me to school on my first day. Mother had been telling me for weeks prior to the big day how wonderful school was going to be, so I was dutifully excited. She failed to mention that she was going to leave me with seventeen little strangers and one large lady. The large lady seemed to think that she was in control. I later learned that she was the teacher. She was trying to explain to Mother that I was not eligible to attend first grade because I would not be six until November of the following year. My mother was having none of that. She wanted me out of the house and into school and she did not care what the rules were. We had just moved from New Orleans to the woods of St. Helena Parish, where school had started two weeks before we arrived. Although it was 1945 in the rest of the world, it was still 1920 in St. Helena. Our home in New Orleans had had indoor plumbing, a gas stove, and electric heaters. In the country, however, we had an outhouse. Every drop of water we used was pumped and carried inside. We chopped wood for our stove and heaters. The back breaking, never ending labor did not bother me as much as having to live in such a degrading manner. I hated the woods. I missed the comforts of the city and I hated the primitive conditions of our new country life. I missed my good-natured little playmates who had treated me so kindly for the first five years of my life. I missed the gentle accents spoken in soft voices by my friends and neighbors, and the endless hours of playtime that we enjoyed. But now I was going to have to go to school! For a while, I thought the rule that a child had to be six before entering the first grade would rescue me. School rules back then, li... ... At lunchtime, I offered to share my cookies with a very angry girl. She had been staring at them ever since I had taken them out of their wax paper wrapping. They were only vanilla wafers, and certainly were not my favorite. She told me that she had never tasted store bought cookies, and pronounced them fit for a king. She became my lifetime friend and protector. She remained an angry person, but seldom got angry with me. The big boy dumped me in the fifth grade for a girl who had matured very early. The first day of school, I learned these valuable lessons. Accents only sound strange to people who have different accents. Never bother arguing with my mother. Crying does not help, but sometime you just have to do it anyway. A little sweetness can make an angry person nicer. Flattery goes a long way with a guy; sometimes it can even go as far as the fifth grade.

Effects of Social Networking on Society Essay

Networking as we know it today has gone a notch higher thanks to the internet and technology as a whole. The number and popularity of social networks has grown immensely since 2005. Sites like Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Tagged and a numerous number of dating sites have found their way into our PCs and phones. All one needs to gain access to these social networks is a pc or phone and an internet connection. There are easy steps in creating a user account and once the account is up you go ahead on making new friends. Social networks allow people to overcome barriers caused by proximity and terrain helping them reconnects with far away relations and also meet people. With social networks, one does not need to travel to faraway places just to unite with their loved ones for that would take time and resources. With social networks you can use instant messaging to pass on the love to your cousin in Australia. It’s also been proven that social networks provide for creativity allowing the users to create their own awn profile and decorate it as they see fit. Blogs come in handy when it comes to creativity, We can all agree that social networks help lower social anxiety. If you suffer from such anxiety we find it easier to talk behind the silver screen where we are more comfortable. A teenager who is socially awkward will find it very helpful to ask a girl out to the school dance over Twitter. If she turns him down, it doesn’t hurt as much as it would have had it been face to face. Social networks help bring people with common interests together. Chat rooms have been developed which are more specific to their topics of discussion. With such online communities online, it’s like one has access to this titanic database of information since the discussions expose us to new ideas hereby enhancing our skills. Social networks have also helped many people with life issues like what car to buy, where to go for a holiday, where to shop and so on. One gets guidance from someone who has already had experience in the area of dilemma and once the problem is shared, the person will make a more informed decision. Social media also helps people in the low income bracket familiarize themselves with modern technology. Skills like uploading and editing pictures and videos and using the html language to edit Social networks are a powerful tool for social change. For instance in 2009 Twitter was used by Iranians to circumvent government control. Social networks are also used by politician to popularize themselves amongst the youth which are the majority in any country. Social networks are known to kill face to face interactions.  The family setup for example is affected when the teenagers are twitting during the evenings which is the only time their parents are available and thus the parent child relationship suffers immensely. A study carried out in the states showed that teens spend more than 9 hours in online chats every week. Privacy is another issue on social networks. Only recently was it found out that pictures posted over the net were not entirely erased even after the user removed them from their profiles. Unscrupulous parties who are up to no good could retrieve them and woe to you if they showed one in a compromising situation. Employers have been known to fire employees because of embarrassing photos and comments. When one creates a profile over a social network, there is no way of verifying that what they portray on their profile is true. This makes unsuspecting users vulnerable to fraudsters the likes of the 419ers. Social networks are also linked to health hazards. A new syndrome identified as the watch glass syndrome was diagnosed in social network users were people became very impatient and edgy. It also poses a problem with kids who are growing up. Once they become accustomed to instant essaging and everything at the click of a button, it becomes difficult to adapt to the real world were protocol is mandatory. A child accustomed to social networking at a tender age would probably be lacking in social skills. Another problem that comes with social networking is cyber bullying. This is especially with teens who would feel short of something and as a result their self esteem drops and performance in school related activities drops. There is also a drop in performance in companies whose employees have access to social networks. Forms get delayed brochures are not designed in time and the presentations are not up to standard all because the person concerned decided to tweet for a few minutes to â€Å"wind up† just an hour after he arrived late for work. Social networks also bring about unnecessary network traffic. Most people log into social networks between six and eight in the evening a study carried out by Steadman in Kenya showed. During this time download speeds nose dive to zero when using your phone to surf the net thanks to social networks. Social networks do not also scan their mail for viruses and scam making your phone or PC prone to a virus attack. We consider mail through social networks safe but only recently was that proven to be a false sense of security. Social networks can also be used as a tool of rebellion. Inciters have an easy time getting to the crowd since groups have been created for almost every institution and thus what one needs to do is place a comment on the group’s wall and all hell breaks loose.  Exams are boycotted, classes are forfeited, strikes are arranged and there is actually no way of stumping this out or getting the culprits since no one has succeeded in controlling the internet. From the discussion above, it is clear beyond doubt that the cons outweigh the pros and thus I conclude that social networks are doing more harm to society than good. We do not however disregard the good it has done but it need to be put to better use if it is at all to benefit society

Prelude to Foundation Chapter 7 Mycogen

MYCOGEN-†¦ A sector of ancient Trantor buried in the past of its own legends. Mycogen made little impact on the planet. Self-satisfied and self-separated to a degree†¦ Encyclopedia Galactica 31. When Seldon woke, he found a new face looking at him solemnly. For a moment he frowned owlishly and then he said, â€Å"Hummin?† Hummin smiled very slightly. â€Å"You remember me, then?† â€Å"It was only for a day, nearly two months ago, but I remember. You were not arrested, then, or in any way-â€Å" â€Å"As you see, I am here, quite safe and whole, but-and he glanced at Dors, who stood to one side-â€Å"it was not very easy for me to come here.† Seldon said, â€Å"I'm glad to see you.-Do you mind, by the way?† He jerked his thumb in the direction of the bathroom. Hummin said, â€Å"Take your time. Have breakfast.† Hummin didn't join him at breakfast. Neither did Dors. Nor did they speak. Hummin scanned a book-film with an attitude of easy absorption. Dors inspected her nails critically and then, taking out a microcomputer, began making notes with a stylus. Seldon watched them thoughtfully and did not try to start a conversation. The silence now might be in response to some Trantorian reserve customary at a sickbed. To be sure, he now felt perfectly normal, but perhaps they did not realize that. It was only when he was done with his last morsel and with the final drop of milk (which he was obviously getting used to, for it no longer tasted odd) that Hummin spoke. He said, â€Å"How are you, Seldon?† â€Å"Perfectly well, Hummin. Sufficiently well, certainly, for me to be up and about.† â€Å"I'm glad to hear it,† said Hummin dryly. â€Å"Dors Venabili was much to blame in allowing this to happen.† Seldon frowned. â€Å"No. I insisted on going Upperside.† â€Å"I'm sure, but she should, at all costs, have gone with you.† â€Å"I told her I didn't want her to go with me.† Dors said, â€Å"That's not so, Hari. Don't defend me with gallant lies.† Seldon said angrily, â€Å"But don't forget that Dors also came Upperside after me, against strong resistance, and undoubtedly saved my life. That's not bending the truth at all. Have you added that to your evaluation, Hummin?† Dors interrupted again, obviously embarrassed. â€Å"Please, Hari. Chetter Hummin is perfectly correct in feeling that I should either have kept you from going Upperside or have gone up with you. As for my subsequent actions, he has praised them.† â€Å"Nevertheless,† said Hummin, â€Å"that is past and we can let it go. Let us talk about what happened Upperside, Seldon.† Seldon looked about and said guardedly, â€Å"Is it safe to do so?† Hummin smiled slightly. â€Å"Dors has placed this room in a Distortion Field. I can be pretty sure that no Imperial agent at the University-if there is one-has the expense to penetrate it. You are a suspicious person, Seldon.† â€Å"Not by nature,† said Seldon. â€Å"Listening to you in the park and afterward- You are a persuasive person, Hummin. By the time you were through, I was ready to fear that Eto Demerzel was lurking in every shadow.† â€Å"I sometimes think he might be,† said Hummin gravely. â€Å"If he was,† said Seldon, â€Å"I wouldn't know it was he. What does he look like?† â€Å"That scarcely matters. You wouldn't see him unless he wanted you to and by then it would all be over, I imagine-which is what we must prevent. Let's talk about that jet-down you saw.† Seldon said, â€Å"As I told you, Hummin, you filled me with fears of Demerzel. As soon as I saw the jet-down, I assumed he was after me, that I had foolishly stepped outside the protection of Streeling University by going Upperside, that I had been lured up there for the specific purpose of being picked up without difficulty.† Dors said, â€Å"On the other hand, Leggen-â€Å" Seldon said quickly, â€Å"Was he here last night?† â€Å"Yes, don't you remember?† â€Å"Vaguely. I was dead tired. It's all a blur in my memory.† â€Å"Well, when he was here last night, Leggen said that the jet-down was merely a meteorological vessel from another station. Perfectly ordinary. Perfectly harmless.† â€Å"What?† Seldon was taken aback. â€Å"I don't believe that.† Hummin said, â€Å"Now the question is: Why don't you believe that? Was there anything about the jet-down that made you think it was dangerous? Something specific, that is, and not just a pervasive suspicion placed in your head by me.† Seldon thought back, biting his lower lip. He said, â€Å"Its actions. It seemed to push its forepart below the cloud deck, as though it were looking for something, then it would appear in another spot just the same way, then in another spot, and so on. It seemed to be searching Upperside methodically, section by section, and homing in on me.† Hummin said, â€Å"Perhaps you were personifying, Seldon. You may have been treating the jet-down as though it was a strange animal looking for you. It wasn't, of course. It was simply a jet-down and if it was a meteorological vessel, its actions were perfectly normal†¦ and harmless.† Seldon said, â€Å"It didn't seem that way to me.† Hummin said, â€Å"I'm sure it didn't, but we don't actually know anything. Your conviction that you were in danger is simply an assumption. Leggen's decision that it was a meteorological vessel is also only an assumption.† Seldon said stubbornly, â€Å"I can't believe that it was an entirely innocent event.† â€Å"Well then,† said Hummin, â€Å"suppose we assume the worst-that the vessel was looking for you. How would whoever sent that vessel know you would be there to seek?† Dors interjected, â€Å"I asked Dr. Leggen if he had, in his report of the forthcoming meteorological work, included the information that Hari would be with the group. There was no reason he should in the ordinary course of events and he denied that he had, with considerable surprise at the question. I believed him.† Hummin said thoughtfully, â€Å"Don't believe him too readily. Wouldn't he deny it, in any case? Now ask yourself why he allowed Seldon to come along in the first place. We know he objected initially, but he did relent, without much fight. And that, to me, seems rather out of character for Leggen.† Dors frowned and said, â€Å"I suppose that does make it a bit more likely that he did arrange the entire affair. Perhaps he permitted Hari's company only in order to put him in the position of being taken. He might have received orders to that effect. We might further argue that he encouraged his young intern, Clowzia, to engage Hari's attention and draw him away from the group, isolating him. That would account for Leggen's odd lack of concern over Hari's absence when it came time to go below. He would insist that Hari had left earlier, something he would have laid the groundwork for, since he had carefully showed him how to go down by himself. It would also account for his reluctance to go back up in search of him, since he would not want to waste time looking for someone he assumed would not be found.† Hummin, who had listened carefully, said, â€Å"You make an interesting case against him, but let's not accept that too readily either. After all, he did come Upperside with you in the end.† â€Å"Because footsteps had been detected. The Chief Seismologist had [been] witness to that.† â€Å"Well, did Leggen show shock and surprise when Seldon was found? I mean, beyond that of finding someone who had been brought into extreme peril through Leggen's own negligence. Did he act as though Seldon wasn't supposed to be there? Did he behave as though he were asking himself: How is it they didn't pick him up?† Dors thought carefully, then said, â€Å"He was obviously shocked by the sight of Hari lying there, but I couldn't possibly tell if there was anything to his feelings beyond the very natural horror of the situation.† â€Å"No, I suppose you couldn't.† But now Seldon, who had been looking from one to the other as they spoke and who had been listening intently, said, â€Å"I don't think it was Leggen.† Hummin transferred his attention to Seldon. â€Å"Why do you say that?† â€Å"For one thing, as you noted, he was clearly unwilling to have me come along. It took a whole day of argument and I think he agreed only because he had the impression that I was a clever mathematician who could help him out with meteorological theory. I was anxious to go up there and, if he had been under orders to see to it that I was taken Upperside, there would have been no need to be so reluctant about it.† â€Å"Is it reasonable to suppose he wanted you only for your mathematics? Did he discuss the mathematics with you? Did he make an attempt to explain his theory to you?† â€Å"No,† said Seldon, â€Å"he didn't. He did say something about going into it later on, though. The trouble was, he was totally involved with his instruments. I gathered he had expected sunshine that hadn't showed up and he was counting on his instruments having been at fault, but they were apparently working perfectly, which frustrated him. I think this was an unexpected development that both soured his temper and turned his attention away from me. As for Clowzia, the young woman who preoccupied me for a few minutes, I do not get the feeling, as I look back on it, that she deliberately led me away from the scene. The initiative was mine. I was curious about the vegetation on Upperside and it was I who drew her away, rather than vice versa. Far from Leggen encouraging her action, he called her back while I was still in sight and I moved farther away and out of sight entirely on my own.† â€Å"And yet,† said Hummin, who seemed intent on objecting to every suggestion that was made, â€Å"if that ship was looking for you, those on board must have known you'd be there. How would they know-if not from Leggett?† â€Å"The man I suspect,† said Seldon, â€Å"is a young psychologist named Lisung Randa† â€Å"Randa?† said Dors. â€Å"I can't believe that. I know him. He simply would not be working for the Emperor. He's anti-Imperialist to the core.† â€Å"He might pretend to be,† said Seldon. â€Å"In fact, he would have to be openly, violently, and extremely anti-Imperialist if he was trying to mask the fact that he is an Imperial agent.† â€Å"But that's exactly what he's not like,† said Dors. â€Å"He is not violent and extreme in anything. He's quiet and good-natured and his views are always expressed mildly, almost timidly. I'm convinced they're genuine.† â€Å"And yet, Dors,† said Seldon earnestly, â€Å"it was he who first told me of the meteorological project, it was he who urged me to go Upperside, and it was he who persuaded Leggen to allow me to join him, rather exaggerating my mathematical prowess in the process. One must wonder why he was so anxious to get me up there, why he should labor so hard.† â€Å"For your good, perhaps. He was interested in you, Hari, and must have thought that meteorology might have been useful in psychohistory. Isn't that possible?† Hummin said quietly, â€Å"Let's consider another point. There was a considerable lapse of time between the moment when Randa told you about the meteorology project and the moment you actually went Upperside. If Randa is innocent of anything underhanded, he would have no particular reason to keep quiet about it. If he is a friendly and gregarious person-â€Å" â€Å"He is,† said Dors. â€Å"-then he might very likely tell a number of friends about it. In that case, we couldn't really tell who the informer might be. In fact, just to make another point, suppose Randa is anti-Imperialist. That would not necessarily mean he is not an agent. We would have to ask: Whom is he an agent for? On whose behalf does he work?† Seldon was astonished. â€Å"Who else is there to work for but the Empire? Who else but Demerzel?† Hummin raised his hand. â€Å"You are far from understanding the whole complexity of Trantorian politics, Seldon.† He turned toward Dors. â€Å"Tell me again: Which were the four sectors that Dr. Leggen named as likely sources for a meteorological vessel?† â€Å"Hestelonia, Wye, Ziggoreth, and North Damiano.† â€Å"And you did not ask the question in any leading way? You didn't ask if a particular sector might be the source?† â€Å"No, definitely not. I simply asked if he could speculate as to the source of the jet-down.† â€Å"And you†-Hummin turned to Seldon â€Å"may perhaps have seen some marking, some insigne, on the jet-down?† Seldon wanted to retort heatedly that the vessel could hardly be seen through the clouds, that it emerged only briefly, that he himself was not looking for markings, but only for escape-but he held back. Surely, Hummin knew all that. Instead, he said simply, â€Å"I'm afraid not.† Dors said, â€Å"If the jet-down was on a kidnapping mission, might not the insigne have been masked?† â€Å"That is the rational assumption,† said Hummin, â€Å"and it tray well have been, but in this Galaxy rationality does not always triumph. However, since Seldon seems to have taken no note of any details concerning the vessel, we can only speculate. What I'm thinking is: Wye.† â€Å"Why?† echoed Seldon. â€Å"I presume they wanted to take me because whoever was on the ship wanted me for my knowledge of psychohistory.† â€Å"No, no.† Hummin lifted his right forefinger as if lecturing a young student. â€Å"W-y-e. It is the name of a sector on Trantor. A very special sector. It has been ruled by a line of Mayors for some three thousand years. It has been a continuous line, a single dynasty. There was a time, some five-hundred years ago, when two Emperors and an Empress of the House of Wye sat on the Imperial throne. It was a comparatively short period and none of the Wye rulers were particularly distinguished or successful, but the Mayors of Wye have never forgotten this Imperial past. â€Å"They have not been actively disloyal to the ruling houses that have succeeded them, but neither have they been known to volunteer much on behalf of those houses. During the occasional periods of civil war, they maintained a kind of neutrality, making moves that seemed best calculated to prolong the civil war and make it seem necessary to turn to Wye as a compromise solution. That never worked out, but they never stopped trying either. â€Å"The present Mayor of Wye is particularly capable. He is old now, but his ambition hasn't cooled. If anything happens to Cleon-even a natural death-the Mayor will have a chance at the succession over Cleon's own too-young son. The Galactic public will always be a little more partial toward a claimant with an Imperial past. â€Å"Therefore, if the Mayor of Wye has heard of you, you might serve as a useful scientific prophet on behalf of his house. There would be a traditional motive for Wye to try to arrange some convenient end for Cleon, use you to predict the inevitable succession of Wye and the coming of peace and prosperity for a thousand years after. Of course, once the Mayor of Wye is on the throne and has no further use for you, you might well follow Cleon to the grave.† Seldon broke the grim silence that followed by saying, â€Å"But we don't know that it is this Mayor of Wye who is after me.† â€Å"No, we don't. Or that anyone at all is after you, at the moment. The jet-down might, after all, have been an ordinary meteorological testing vessel as Leggen has suggested. Still, as the news concerning psychohistory and its potential spreads-and it surely must-more and more of the powerful and semi-powerful on Trantor or, for that matter, elsewhere will want to make use of your services.† â€Å"What, then,† said Dors, â€Å"shall we do?† â€Å"That is the question, indeed.† Hummin ruminated for a while, then said, â€Å"Perhaps it was a mistake to come here. For a professor, it is all too likely that the hiding place chosen would be a University. Streeling is one of many, but it is among the largest and most free, so it wouldn't be long before tendrils from here and there would begin feeling their soft, blind way toward this place. I think that as soon as possible-today, perhaps-Seldon should be moved to another and better hiding place. But-â€Å" â€Å"But?† said Seldon. â€Å"But I don't know where.† Seldon said, â€Å"Call up a gazeteer on the computer screen and choose a place at random.† â€Å"Certainly not,† said Hummin. â€Å"If we do that, we are as likely to find a place that is less secure than average, as one that is more secure. No, this must be reasoned out.-Somehow.† 32. The three remained huddled in Seldon's quarters till past lunch. During that time, Hari and Dors spoke occasionally and quietly on indifferent subjects, but Hummin maintained an almost complete silence. He sat upright, ate little, and his grave countenance (which, Seldon thought, made him look older than his years) remained quiet and withdrawn. Seldon imagined him to be reviewing the immense geography of Trantor in his mind, searching for a corner that would be ideal. Surely, it couldn't be easy. Seldon's own Helicon was somewhat larger by a percent or two than Trantor was and had a smaller ocean. The Heliconian land surface was perhaps 10 percent larger than the Trantorian. But Helicon was sparsely populated, its surface only sprinkled with scattered cities; Trantor was all city. Where Helicon was divided into twenty administrative sectors; Trantor had over eight hundred and every one of those hundreds was itself a complex of subdivisions. Finally Seldon said in some despair, â€Å"Perhaps it might be best, Hummin, to choose which candidate for my supposed abilities is most nearly benign, hand me over to that one, and count on him to defend me against the rest.† Hummin looked up and said in utmost seriousness, â€Å"That is not necessary. I know the candidate who is most nearly benign and he already has you.† Seldon smiled. â€Å"Do you place yourself on the same level with the Mayor of Wye and the Emperor of all the Galaxy?† â€Å"In point of view of position, no. But as far as the desire to control you is concerned, I rival them. They, however, and anyone else I can think of want you in order to strengthen their own wealth and power, while I have no ambitions at all, except for the good of the Galaxy.† â€Å"I suspect,† said Seldon dryly, â€Å"that each of your competitors-if asked-would insist that he too was thinking only of the good of the Galaxy.† â€Å"I am sure they would,† said Hummin, â€Å"but so far, the only one of my competitors, as you call them, whom you have met is the Emperor and he was interested in having you advance fictionalized predictions that might stabilize his dynasty. I do not ask you for anything like that. I ask only that you perfect your psychohistorical technique so that mathematically valid predictions, even if only statistical in nature, can be made.† â€Å"True. So far, at least,† said Seldon with a half-smile. â€Å"Therefore, I might as well ask: How are you coming along with that task? Any progress?† Seldon was uncertain whether to laugh or cage. After a pause, he did neither, but managed to speak calmly. â€Å"Progress? In less than two months? Hummin, this is something that might easily take me my whole life and the lives of the next dozen who follow me.-And even then end in failure.† â€Å"I'm not talking about anything as final as a solution or even as hopeful as the beginning of a solution. You've said flatly a number of times that a useful psychohistory is possible but impractical. All I am asking is whether there now seems any hope that it can be made practical.† â€Å"Frankly, no.† Dors said, â€Å"Please excuse me. I am not a mathematician, so I hope this is not a foolish question. How can you know something is both possible and impractical? I've heard you say that, in theory, you might personally meet and greet all the people in the Empire, but that it is not a practical feat because you couldn't live long enough to do it. But how can you tell that psychohistory is something of this sort?† Seldon looked at Dors with some incredulity. â€Å"Do you want that explained.† â€Å"Yes,† she said, nodding her head vigorously so that her curled hair vibrated. â€Å"As a matter of fact,† said Hummin, â€Å"so would I.† â€Å"Without mathematics?† said Seldon with just a trace of a smile. â€Å"Please,† said Hummin. â€Å"Well-† He retired into himself to choose a method of presentation. Then he said, â€Å"-If you want to understand some aspect of the Universe, it helps if you simplify it as much as possible and include only those properties and characteristics that are essential to understanding. If you want to determine how an object drops, you don't concern yourself with whether it is new or old, is red or green, or has an odor or not. You eliminate those things and thus do not needlessly complicate matters. The simplification you can call a model or a simulation and you can present it either as an actual representation on a computer screen or as a mathematical relationship. If you consider the primitive theory of nonrelativistic gravitation-â€Å" Dors said at once, â€Å"You promised there would be no mathematics. Don't try to slip it in by calling it ‘primitive.' â€Å" â€Å"No, no. I mean ‘primitive' only in that it has been known as long as our records go back, that its discovery is shrouded in the mists of antiquity as is that of fire or the wheel. In any case, the equations for such gravitational theory contain within themselves a description of the motions of a planetary system, of a double star, of tides, and of many other things. Making use of such equations, we can even set up a pictorial simulation and have a planet circling a star or two stars circling each other on a two-dimensional screen or set up more complicated systems in a three-dimensional holograph. Such simplified simulations make it far easier to grasp a phenomenon than it would be if we had to study the phenomenon itself. In fact, without the gravitational equations, our knowledge of planetary motions and of celestial mechanics generally would be sparse indeed. â€Å"Now, as you wish to know more and more about any phenomenon or as a phenomenon becomes more complex, you need more and more elaborate equations, more and more detailed programming, and you end with a computerized simulation that is harder and harder to grasp.† â€Å"Can't you form a simulation of the simulation?† asked Hummin. â€Å"You would go down another degree.† â€Å"In that case, you would have to eliminate some characteristic of the phenomenon which you want to include and your simulation becomes useless. The LPS-that is, ‘the least possible simulation' gains in complexity faster than the object being simulated does and eventually the simulation catches up with the phenomenon. Thus, it was established thousands of years ago that the Universe as a whole, in its full complexity, cannot be represented by any simulation smaller than itself. â€Å"In other words, you can't get any picture of the Universe as a whole except by studying the entire Universe. It has been shown also that if one attempts to substitute simulations of a small part of the Universe, then another small part, then another small part, and so on, intending to put them all together to form a total picture of the Universe, one would find that there are an infinite number of such part simulations. It would therefore take an infinite time to understand the Universe in full and that is just another way of saying that it is impossible to gain all the knowledge there is.† â€Å"I understand you so far,† said Dors, sounding a little surprised. â€Å"Well then, we know that some comparatively simple things are easy to simulate and as things grow more and more complex they become harder to simulate until finally they become impossible to simulate. But at what level of complexity does simulation cease to be possible? Well, what I have shown, making use of a mathematical technique first invented in this past century and barely usable even if one employs a large and very fast computer, our Galactic society falls short of that mark. It can be represented by a simulation simpler than itself. And I went on to show that this would result in the ability to predict future events in a statistical fashion-that is, by stating the probability for alternate sets of events, rather than flatly predicting that one set will take place.† â€Å"In that case,† said Hummin, â€Å"since you can profitably simulate Galactic society, it's only a matter of doing so. Why is it impractical?† â€Å"All I have proved is that it will not take an infinite time to understand Galactic society, but if it takes a billion years it will still be impractical. That will be essentially the same as infinite time to us.† â€Å"Is that how long it would take? A billion years?† â€Å"I haven't been able to work out how long it would take, but I strongly suspect that it will take at least a billion years, which is why I suggested that number.† â€Å"But you don't really know.† â€Å"I've been trying to work it out.† â€Å"Without success?† â€Å"Without success.† â€Å"The University library does not help?† Hummin cast a look at Dors as he asked the question. Seldon shook his head slowly. â€Å"Not at all.† â€Å"Dors can't help?† Dors sighed. â€Å"I know nothing about the subject, Chetter. I can only suggest ways of looking. If Hari looks and doesn't find, I am helpless.† Hummin rose to his feet. â€Å"In that case, there is no great use in staying here at the University and I must think of somewhere else to place you.† Seldon reached out and touched his sleeve. â€Å"Still, I have an idea.† Hummin stared at him with a faint narrowing of eyes that might have belied surprise-or suspicion. â€Å"When did you get the idea? Just now?† â€Å"No. It's been buzzing in my head for a few days before I went Upperside. That little experience eclipsed it for a while, but asking about the library reminded me of it.† Hummin seated himself again. â€Å"Tell me your idea-if it's not something that's totally marinated in mathematics.† â€Å"No mathematics at all. It's just that reading history in the library reminded me that Galactic society was less complicated in the past. Twelve thousand years ago, when the Empire was on the way to being established, the Galaxy contained only about ten million inhabited worlds. Twenty thousand years ago, the pre-Imperial kingdoms included only about ten thousand worlds altogether. Still deeper in the past, who knows how society shrinks down? Perhaps even to a single world as in the legends you yourself once mentioned, Hummin.† Hummin said, â€Å"And you think you might be able to work out psychohistory if you dealt with a much simpler Galactic society?† â€Å"Yes, it seems to me that I might be able to do so.† â€Å"Then too,† said Dors with sudden enthusiasm, â€Å"suppose you work out psychohistory for a smaller society of the past and suppose you can make predictions from a study of the pre-Imperial situation as to what might happen a thousand years after the formation of the Empire-you could then check the actual situation at that time and see how near the mark you were.† Hummin said coldly, â€Å"Considering that you would know in advance the situation of the year 1,000 of the Galactic Era, it would scarcely be a fair test. You would be unconsciously swayed by your prior knowledge and you would be bound to choose values for your equation in such a way as to give you what you would know to be the solution.† â€Å"I don't think so,† said Dors. â€Å"We don't know the situation in 1,000 G.E. very well and we would have to dig. After all, that was eleven millennia ago.† Seldon's face turned into a picture of dismay. â€Å"What do you mean we don't know the situation in 1,000 G.E. very well? There were computers then, weren't there, Dors?† â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"And memory storage units and recordings of ear and eye? We should have all the records of 1,000 G.E. as we have of the present year of 12,020 G.E.† â€Å"In theory, yes, but in actual practice- Well, you know, Hari, it's what you keep saying. It's possible to have full records of 1,000 G.E., but it's not practical to expect to have it.† â€Å"Yes, but what I keep saying, Dors, refers to mathematical demonstrations. I don't see the applications to historical records.† Dors said defensively, â€Å"Records don't last forever, Hari. Memory banks can be destroyed or defaced as a result of conflict or can simply deteriorate with time. Any memory bit, any record that is not referred to for a long time, eventually drowns in accumulated noise. They say that fully one third of the records in the Imperial Library are simply gibberish, but, of course, custom will not allow those records to be removed. Other libraries are less tradition-bound. In the Streeling University library, we discard worthless items every ten years. â€Å"Naturally, records frequently referred to and frequently duplicated on various worlds and in various libraries-governmental and private-remain clear enough for thousands of years, so that many of the essential points of Galactic history remain known even if they took place in pre-Imperial times. However, the farther back you go, the less there is preserved.† â€Å"I can't believe that,† said Seldon. â€Å"I should think that new copies would be made of any record in danger of withering. How could you let knowledge disappear?† â€Å"Undesired knowledge is useless knowledge,† said Dors. â€Å"Can you imagine all the time, effort, and energy expended in a continual refurbishing of unused data? And that wastage would grow steadily more extreme with time.† â€Å"Surely, you would have to allow for the fact that someone at some time might need the data being so carelessly disposed of.† â€Å"A particular item might be wanted once in a thousand years. To save it all just in case of such a need isn't cost-effective. Even in science. You spoke of the primitive equations of gravitation and say it is primitive because its discovery is lost in the mists of antiquity. Why should that be? Didn't you mathematicians and scientists save all data, all information, back and back to the misty primeval time when those equations were discovered?† Seldon groaned and made no attempt to answer. He said, â€Å"Well, Hummin, so much for my idea. As we look back into the past and as society grows smaller, a useful psychohistory becomes more likely. But knowledge dwindles even more rapidly than size, so psychohistory becomes less likely-and the less outweighs the more.† â€Å"To be sure, there is the Mycogen Sector,† said Dors, musing. Hummin looked up quickly. â€Å"So there is and that would be the perfect place to put Seldon. I should have thought of it myself.† â€Å"Mycogen Sector,† repeated Hari, looking from one to the other. â€Å"What and where is Mycogen Sector?† â€Å"Hari, please, I'll tell you later. Right now, I have preparations to make. You'll leave tonight.† 33. Dors had urged Seldon to sleep a bit. They would be leaving halfway between lights out and lights on, under cover of â€Å"night,† while the rest of the University slept. She insisted he could still use a little rest. â€Å"And have you sleep on the floor again?† Seldon asked. She shrugged. â€Å"The bed will only hold one and if we both try to crowd into it, neither of us will get much sleep.† He looked at her hungrily for a moment and said, â€Å"Then I'll sleep on the floor this time.† â€Å"No, you won't. I wasn't the one who lay in a coma in the sleet.† As it happened, neither slept. Though they darkened the room and though the perpetual hum of Trantor was only a drowsy sound in the relatively quiet confines of the University, Seldon found that he had to talk. He said, â€Å"I've been so much trouble to you, Dors, here at the University. I've even been keeping you from your work. Still, I'm sorry I'll have to leave you.† Dors said, â€Å"You won't leave me. I'm coming with you. Hummin is arranging a leave of absence for me.† Seldon said, dismayed, â€Å"I can't ask you to do that.† â€Å"You're not. Hummin's asking it. I must guard you. After all, I faded in connection with Upperside and should make up for it.† â€Å"I told you. Please don't feel guilty about that.-Still, I must admit I would feel more comfortable with you at my side. If I could only be sure I wasn't interfering with your life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dors said softly, â€Å"You're not, Hari. Please go to sleep.† Seldon lay silent for a while, then whispered, â€Å"Are you sure Hummin can really arrange everything, Dors?† Dors said, â€Å"He's a remarkable man. He's got influence here at the University and everywhere else, I think. If he says he can arrange for an indefinite leave for me, I'm sure he can. He is a most persuasive man.† â€Å"I know,† said Seldon. â€Å"Sometimes I wonder what he really wants of me.† â€Å"What he says,† said Dors. â€Å"He's a man of strong and idealistic ideas and dreams.† â€Å"You sound as though you know him well, Dors.† â€Å"Oh yes, I know him well.† â€Å"Intimately?† Dors made an odd noise. â€Å"I'm not sure what you're implying, Hari, but, assuming the most insolent interpretation- No, I don't know him intimately. What business would that be of yours anyway?† â€Å"I'm sorry,† said Seldon. â€Å"I just didn't want, inadvertently, to be invading someone else's-â€Å" â€Å"Property? That's even more insulting. I think you had better go to sleep.† â€Å"I'm sorry again, Dors, but I can't sleep. Let me at least change the subject. You haven't explained what the Mycogen Sector is. Why will it be good for me to go there? What's it like?† â€Å"It's a small sector with a population of only about two million-if I remember correctly. The thing is that the Mycogenians cling tightly to a set of traditions about early history and are supposed to have very ancient records not available to anyone else. It's just possible they would be of more use to you in your attempted examination of pre-Imperial times than orthodox historians might be. All our talk about early history brought the sector to mind.† â€Å"Have you ever seen their records?† â€Å"No. I don't know anyone who has.† â€Å"Can you be sure that the records really exist, then?† â€Å"Actually, I can't say. The assumption among non-Mycogenians is that they're a bunch of madcaps, but that may be quite unfair. They certainly say they have records, so perhaps they do. In any case, we would be out of sight there. The Mycogenians keep strictly to themselves.-And now please do go to sleep.† And somehow Seldon finally did. 34. Hari Seldon and Dors Venabili left the University grounds at 0300. Seldon realized that Dors had to be the leader. She knew Trantor better than he did-two years better. She was obviously a close friend of Hummin (how close? the question kept nagging at him) and she understood his instructions. Both she and Seldon were swathed in light swirling docks with tight-fitting hoods. The style had been a short-lived clothing fad at the University (and among young intellectuals, generally) some years back and though right now it might provoke laughter, it had the saving grace of covering them well and of making them unrecognizable-at least at a cursory glance. Hummin had said, â€Å"There's a possibility that the event Upperside was completely innocent and that there are no agents after you, Seldon, but let's be prepared for the worst.† Seldon had asked anxiously, â€Å"Won't you come with us?† â€Å"I would like to,† said Hummin, â€Å"but I must limit my absence from work if I am not to become a target myself. You understand?† Seldon sighed. He understood. They entered an Expressway car and found a seat as far as possible from the few who had already boarded. (Seldon wondered why anyone should be on the Expressways at three in the morning-and then thought that it was lucky some were or he and Dors would be entirely too conspicuous.) Seldon fell to watching the endless panorama that passed in review as the equally endless line of coaches moved along the endless monorail on an endless electromagnetic field. The Expressway passed row upon row of dwelling units, few of them very tall, but some, for all he knew, very deep. Still, if tens of millions of square kilometers formed an urbanized total, even forty billion people would not require very tall structures or very closely packed ones. They did pass open areas, in most of which crops seemed to be growing-but some of which were clearly parklike. And there were numerous structures whose nature he couldn't guess. Factories? Office buildings? Who knew? One large featureless cylinder struck him as though it might be a water tank. After all, Trantor had to have a fresh water supply. Did they sluice rain from Upperside, filter and treat it, then store it? It seemed inevitable that they should. Seldon did not have very long to study the view, however. Dors muttered, â€Å"This is about where we should be getting off.† She stood up and her strong fingers gripped his arm. They were off the Expressway now, standing on solid flooring while Dors studied the directional signs. The signs were unobtrusive and there were many of them. Seldon's heart sank. Most of them were in pictographs and initials, which were undoubtedly understandable to native Trantorians, but which were alien to him. â€Å"This way,† said Dors. â€Å"Which way? How do you know?† â€Å"See that? Two wings and an arrow.† â€Å"Two wings? Oh.† He had thought of it as an upside-down â€Å"w,† wide and shallow, but he could see where it might be the stylized wings of a bird. â€Å"Why don't they use words?† he said sullenly. â€Å"Because words vary from world to world. What an ‘air-jet' is here could be a ‘soar' on Cinna or a ‘swoop' on other worlds. The two wings and an arrow are a Galactic symbol for an air vessel and the symbol is understood everywhere. Don't you use them on Helicon?† â€Å"Not much. Helicon is a fairly homogeneous world, culturally speaking, and we tend to cling to our private ways firmly because we're overshadowed by our neighbors.† â€Å"See?† said Dors. â€Å"There's where your psychohistory might come in. You could show that even with different dialects the use of set symbols, Galaxy-wide, is a unifying force.† â€Å"That won't help.† He was following her through empty dim alleyways and part of his mind wondered what the crime rate might be on Trantor and whether this was a high-crime area. â€Å"You can have a billion rules, each covering a single phenomenon, and you can derive no generalizations from that. That's what one means when one says that a system might be interpreted only by a model as complex as itself.-Dors, are we heading for an air-jet?† She stopped and turned to look at him with an amused frown. â€Å"If we're following the symbols for air-jets, do you suppose we're trying to reach a golf course? Are you afraid of air-jets in the way so many Trantorians are?† â€Å"No, no. We fly freely on Helicon and I make use of air-jets frequently. It's just that when Hummin took me to the University, he avoided commercial air travel because he thought we would leave too clear a trail.† â€Å"That's because they knew where you were to begin with, Hari, and were after you already. Right now, it may be that they don't know where you are and we're using an obscure port and a private air-jet.† â€Å"And who'll be doing the flying?† â€Å"A friend of Hummin's, I presume.† â€Å"Can he be trusted, do you suppose?† â€Å"If he's a friend of Hummin's, he surely can.† â€Å"You certainly think highly of Hummin,† said Seldon with a twinge of discontent. â€Å"With reason,† said Dors with no attempt at coyness. â€Å"He's the best.† Seldon's discontent did not dwindle. â€Å"There's the air-jet,† she said. It was a small one with oddly shaped wings. Standing beside it was a small man, dressed in the usual glaring Trantorian colors. Dors said, â€Å"We're psycho.† The pilot said, â€Å"And I'm history.† They followed him into the air-jet and Seldon said, â€Å"Whose idea were the passwords?† â€Å"Hummin's,† said Dors. Seldon snorted. â€Å"Somehow I didn't think Hummin would have a sense of humor. He's so solemn.† Dors smiled.

Bang bang banh

List three civil rights events that Lorraine (or the Hansberry family) was involved with: 1 . Her parents were both active in the black community of Chicago as well as social change work. 2. She was involved in the Hansberry vs. Lee case because her family was being forced to desegregate their white neighborhood with a restrictive covenant. Despite violent protest they didn't move until the court ordered them to. 3. One of her brothers dodged the draft because of segregation and discrimination in the military Use the following website to answer the following questions. http://en. wikipedia. rg/wiki/Restrictive_covenant 4.In your own words, what are â€Å"restrictive covenants†? A sort of agreement, which limits what the owner of the land or lease can do with it. 5. How have they been used in segregation? Used to keep blacks from â€Å"invading† white neighborhoods The title A Raisin in the Sun comes from Langston Hughes' poem entitled â€Å"Harlem. † Read the poe m at the following website: http://www. teachingamericanhistory. org/library/index. asp? document=640 Use the following website to learn more about the poem. http://poetry. suitel 01 . com/article. cfm/hughes_harlem_a_dream_deferred According to this website, what is the theme ot â€Å"Harlem†? A dream deterred 7. Do you think this theme fits with the poem? Why or why not? Yes it explains what happens when a dream is postponed. 8. List two literary elements that can be found in the poem and give an example of each (copy and paste line): Literary element: rhetorical questions Example: What happens toa dream deferred? Literary element: simile Example: Does it stink like rotten meat? 9. Read through the commentary and tell what you think most likely happens to a â€Å"dream deferred† and explain why. When a dream is deferred it is lost, sense you no onger are able to fulfill it.It becomes a waste of time and a disappointment. In Act II, Scene Two, a character refers to Bo oker T. Washington as one of our â€Å"great men,† but another character disagrees and calls him a fool. Learn some facts about Mr. Washington to help you arrive at your own conclusion. Use the following websites to find three facts that support that he was a â€Å"great† man and three facts that may have lead the other character to believe he was a fool. http://www. nps. gov/archive/bowa/btwbio. html http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Booker_T. _Washington http://northbysouth. enyon. edu/1998. edu/home/btw. htm Great Man 10.First African American man to be invited to the white house 1 1 . First African American man to receive an honorary degree from Harvard 12. He was born a slave and had no early education, yet he still became America's foremost black educator Fool 13. His Atlanta compromise was known as a betrayal to the black community because it accepted segregation.